महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-93, verse-8

तत्र ते न्यवसन्वीरास्तपश्चातस्थुरुत्तमम् ।
संतर्पयन्तः सततं वन्येन हविषा द्विजान् ॥८॥

8. tatra te nyavasanvīrāstapaścātasthuruttamam ,
saṁtarpayantaḥ satataṁ vanyena haviṣā dvijān.

8. tatra te nyavasan vīrāḥ tapaḥ ca ātasthuḥ uttamam
santarpayantaḥ satatam vanyena haviṣā dvijān

8. There, those heroes dwelled and performed excellent penance (tapas), continuously gratifying the Brahmins (dvija) with forest-sourced oblations.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• ते (te) - the Pandavas (they (masculine nominative plural))

• न्यवसन् (nyavasan) - they dwelt, they resided

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - the Pandavas (heroes, brave men)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - penance (tapas) (penance, austerity, heat)

• च (ca) - and, also

• आतस्थुः (ātasthuḥ) - they performed (penance) (they performed, they practiced, they stood upon)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, highest, best

• सन्तर्पयन्तः (santarpayantaḥ) - satisfying, gratifying, feeding

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, perpetually

• वन्येन (vanyena) - with forest produce, with things from the forest

• हविषा (haviṣā) - with an oblation, with sacrificial food

• द्विजान् (dvijān) - the Brahmins (dvija) (the Brahmins, the twice-born)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - the Pandavas (they (masculine nominative plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the heroes, i.e., the Pandavas.

न्यवसन् (nyavasan) - they dwelt, they resided

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vas

Imperfect 3rd person plural of √vas with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - the Pandavas (heroes, brave men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, champion

Note: Subject of the sentence along with 'te'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - penance (tapas) (penance, austerity, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, penance, austerity, spiritual exertion

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आतस्थुः (ātasthuḥ) - they performed (penance) (they performed, they practiced, they stood upon)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of sthā

Perfect 3rd person plural of √sthā with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, highest, best

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, principal

superlative of ud

Note: Qualifies 'tapaḥ'.

सन्तर्पयन्तः (santarpayantaḥ) - satisfying, gratifying, feeding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of santarpayat

santarpayat - satisfying, gratifying, delighting, feeding

Present Active Participle

from causative of saṃ-√tṛp (to satisfy)

Prefix: sam

Root: tṛp (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'vīrāḥ' or 'te'.

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially (accusative singular neuter of the adjective 'satata').

वन्येन (vanyena) - with forest produce, with things from the forest

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vanya

vanya - relating to the forest, forest-born, forest produce

from 'vana' (forest)

हविषा (haviṣā) - with an oblation, with sacrificial food

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of havis

havis - oblation, sacrificial food, clarified butter

द्विजान् (dvijān) - the Brahmins (dvija) (the Brahmins, the twice-born)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born, a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  nominal suffix
  from root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'santarpayantaḥ'.