महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-142, verse-12

दुःखेन महताविष्टः स्वकृतेनानिवर्तिना ।
अजेयमुग्रधन्वानं तं न पश्यामि फल्गुनम् ॥१२॥

12. duḥkhena mahatāviṣṭaḥ svakṛtenānivartinā ,
ajeyamugradhanvānaṁ taṁ na paśyāmi phalgunam.

12. duḥkhena mahatā āviṣṭaḥ svakṛtena anivartinā
ajeyam ugradhanvānam tam na paśyāmi phālgunam

12. Overcome by great and irreversible sorrow due to my own actions, I do not see that unconquerable Phalguna (Arjuna), who wields a formidable bow.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, by suffering, by pain

• महता (mahatā) - by great, by immense

• आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - overcome (by sorrow) (overcome, pervaded, possessed)

• स्वकृतेन (svakṛtena) - by one's own actions, by one's own deeds

• अनिवर्तिना (anivartinā) - by that which cannot be turned back, by irreversible

• अजेयम् (ajeyam) - unconquerable, invincible

• उग्रधन्वानम् (ugradhanvānam) - having a terrible bow, fierce bowman

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• न (na) - not, no

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I behold

• फाल्गुनम् (phālgunam) - Arjuna (Phalguna) (Phalguna)

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, by suffering, by pain

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, misery

महता (mahatā) - by great, by immense

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty

Root: mah

Note: Agrees with duḥkhena.

आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - overcome (by sorrow) (overcome, pervaded, possessed)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āviṣṭa

āviṣṭa - entered, pervaded, possessed, overcome

Past Passive Participle

From root viś (to enter) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Acts as an adjective describing the speaker.

स्वकृतेन (svakṛtena) - by one's own actions, by one's own deeds

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of svakṛta

svakṛta - done by oneself, one's own act/deed

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+kṛta)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (neuter)
• kṛta – done, made, act, deed
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make), class 8.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Connects with anivartinā.

अनिवर्तिना (anivartinā) - by that which cannot be turned back, by irreversible

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of anivartin

anivartin - not turning back, irresistible, irreversible

Negation (an-) of nivartin (turning back).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nivartin)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• nivartin – turning back, returning, ceasing
  adjective (neuter)
  agent noun from ni-vṛt
  Agent noun from root vṛt (to turn) with prefix ni.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the 'sorrow' or 'actions'.

अजेयम् (ajeyam) - unconquerable, invincible

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ajeya

ajeya - unconquerable, invincible, not to be overcome

Gerundive

Gerundive from root ji (to conquer) with negative prefix a.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jeya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• jeya – to be conquered, conquerable
  gerundive (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Gerundive from root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of na paśyāmi.

उग्रधन्वानम् (ugradhanvānam) - having a terrible bow, fierce bowman

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ugradhanvan

ugradhanvan - having a fierce bow, terrible bowman, a name of Śiva or Arjuna

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ugra+dhanvan)

• ugra – fierce, terrible, mighty, powerful
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: uj
• dhanvan – bow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhan

Note: Object of na paśyāmi.

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Phalguna, direct object of na paśyāmi.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb paśyāmi.

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I behold

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of dṛś

present stem (paśya)

Present stem of the root dṛś, class 1.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Speaker is Yudhiṣṭhira.

फाल्गुनम् (phālgunam) - Arjuna (Phalguna) (Phalguna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of phālguna

phālguna - born under the constellation Phalguni, a name of Arjuna

Derived from Phalgunī.

Note: Direct object of na paśyāmi.