महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-23, verse-20

ततः स दिवसानष्टौ योधयित्वा धनंजयम् ।
प्रहसन्नब्रवीद्राजा संग्रामे विगतक्लमः ॥२०॥

20. tataḥ sa divasānaṣṭau yodhayitvā dhanaṁjayam ,
prahasannabravīdrājā saṁgrāme vigataklamaḥ.

20. tataḥ sa divasān aṣṭau yodhayitvā dhanaṃjayam
prahasan abravīt rājā saṃgrāme vigataklamaḥ

20. Then, after fighting Dhananjaya for eight days, that king, who was tireless in battle, spoke with a smile.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• स (sa) - he (Bhishma) (he, that)

• दिवसान् (divasān) - days

• अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight

• योधयित्वा (yodhayitvā) - having caused to fight, having fought

• धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - Dhananjaya (an epithet for Arjuna) (Arjuna, conqueror of wealth)

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

• राजा (rājā) - the king (Bhishma, in context of the Mahābhārata war) (king, ruler)

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in conflict

• विगतक्लमः (vigataklamaḥ) - free from fatigue, tireless

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

ablative of 'tad' used as an adverb

स (sa) - he (Bhishma) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दिवसान् (divasān) - days

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of divasa

divasa - day

अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight

(adjective)

Accusative, plural of aṣṭan

aṣṭan - eight

Note: declines like aṣṭan, here takes form for accusative plural

योधयित्वा (yodhayitvā) - having caused to fight, having fought

(indeclinable)

Causative stem + Absolutive suffix

From the causative stem yodhaya- of root yudh- (4th class), with the absolutive suffix -itvā

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) indicates an action completed before the main verb.

धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - Dhananjaya (an epithet for Arjuna) (Arjuna, conqueror of wealth)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - Arjuna, 'conqueror of wealth'

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  From root ji- 'to conquer'
  Root: ji (class 1)

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasat

prahasat - laughing, smiling

Present Active Participle

Formed from root has- (1st class) with prefix pra- and present active participle suffix -at

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Past Imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - the king (Bhishma, in context of the Mahābhārata war) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, conflict

From prefix sam- and root grabh- (to seize)

Prefix: sam

Root: grabh

विगतक्लमः (vigataklamaḥ) - free from fatigue, tireless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vigataklama

vigataklama - without weariness, tireless

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vigata+klama)

• vigata – departed, gone away, removed
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam- (1st class) with prefix vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: gam (class 1)
• klama – fatigue, weariness, exhaustion
  noun (masculine)
  From root klam- 'to be weary'
  Root: klam (class 1)