महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-23, verse-18

तत्र राजा महानासीद्भगदत्तो विशां पते ।
तेनासीत्सुमहद्युद्धं पाण्डवस्य महात्मनः ॥१८॥

18. tatra rājā mahānāsīdbhagadatto viśāṁ pate ,
tenāsītsumahadyuddhaṁ pāṇḍavasya mahātmanaḥ.

18. tatra rājā mahān āsīt bhagadattaḥ viśām pate
tena āsīt sumahat yuddham pāṇḍavasya mahātmanaḥ

18. O lord of the people, there was a great king named Bhagadatta there. With him, the Pāṇḍava (Arjuna), who was great in spirit (ātman), fought a very fierce battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - in Prāgjyotiṣa (there, in that place)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• महान् (mahān) - great, mighty

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• भगदत्तः (bhagadattaḥ) - Bhagadatta

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - Address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Sañjaya (O lord, O master)

• तेन (tena) - with Bhagadatta (by him, with him)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, very mighty

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war

• पाण्डवस्य (pāṇḍavasya) - of Arjuna (of the Pāṇḍava, of the son of Pāṇḍu)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of Arjuna, the great-souled one (of the great-souled one)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - in Prāgjyotiṣa (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that) + tral suffix.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

महान् (mahān) - great, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable

Note: Qualifies rājā.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect active 3rd singular

ā (augment) + s (root) + īt (ending).

Root: as (class 2)

भगदत्तः (bhagadattaḥ) - Bhagadatta

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagadatta

bhagadatta - Bhagadatta (name of a king of Prāgjyotiṣa)

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subject, inhabitant

Root: viś (class 6)

पते (pate) - Address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Sañjaya (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, owner

तेन (tena) - with Bhagadatta (by him, with him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhagadatta.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect active 3rd singular

ā (augment) + s (root) + īt (ending).

Root: as (class 2)

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, very mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very mighty, very large

su (prefix) + mahat (great).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, mighty, considerable
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Qualifies yuddham.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

From root yudh (to fight) + kta suffix.

Root: yudh (class 4)

पाण्डवस्य (pāṇḍavasya) - of Arjuna (of the Pāṇḍava, of the son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - Pāṇḍava, son of Pāṇḍu (e.g., Arjuna)

Derived from pāṇḍu (king Pāṇḍu) + aṇ (patronymic suffix).

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of Arjuna, the great-souled one (of the great-souled one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies pāṇḍavasya.