महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-23, verse-19

स किरातैश्च चीनैश्च वृतः प्राग्ज्योतिषोऽभवत् ।
अन्यैश्च बहुभिर्योधैः सागरानूपवासिभिः ॥१९॥

19. sa kirātaiśca cīnaiśca vṛtaḥ prāgjyotiṣo'bhavat ,
anyaiśca bahubhiryodhaiḥ sāgarānūpavāsibhiḥ.

19. sa kirātaiḥ ca cīnaiḥ ca vṛtaḥ prāgjyotiṣaḥ abhavat
anyaiḥ ca bahubhiḥ yodhaiḥ sāgarānūpavāsibhiḥ

19. The king of Prāgjyotiṣa (Bhagadatta) was surrounded by Kirātas and Cīnas, as well as by many other warriors dwelling in the regions near the sea.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Bhagadatta (he, that)

• किरातैः (kirātaiḥ) - by Kirātas (a tribal people)

• च (ca) - and, also

• चीनैः (cīnaiḥ) - by Cīnas (Chinese people)

• च (ca) - and, also

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, covered

• प्राग्ज्योतिषः (prāgjyotiṣaḥ) - Bhagadatta, as the king of Prāgjyotiṣa (the king of Prāgjyotiṣa, related to Prāgjyotiṣa)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, occurred, happened

• अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others

• च (ca) - and, also

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

• योधैः (yodhaiḥ) - by warriors, by fighters

• सागरानूपवासिभिः (sāgarānūpavāsibhiḥ) - by those dwelling in marshy regions near the sea, by coast-dwellers

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Bhagadatta (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

किरातैः (kirātaiḥ) - by Kirātas (a tribal people)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kirāta

kirāta - Kirāta (name of a mountain tribe or people)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

चीनैः (cīnaiḥ) - by Cīnas (Chinese people)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of cīna

cīna - China, Chinese people

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, covered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, covered, chosen, appointed

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛ (to cover, surround, choose) + kta suffix.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies prāgjyotiṣaḥ (king).

प्राग्ज्योतिषः (prāgjyotiṣaḥ) - Bhagadatta, as the king of Prāgjyotiṣa (the king of Prāgjyotiṣa, related to Prāgjyotiṣa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāgjyotiṣa

prāgjyotiṣa - Prāgjyotiṣa (ancient kingdom), a native or king of Prāgjyotiṣa

Derived from prāgjyotiṣa (place) + aṇ (suffix implying 'of' or 'from').

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, occurred, happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect active 3rd singular

a (augment) + bhav (strengthened root) + at (ending)

Root: bhū (class 1)

अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Agrees with yodhaiḥ.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: Agrees with yodhaiḥ.

योधैः (yodhaiḥ) - by warriors, by fighters

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier

From root yudh (to fight) + a suffix.

Root: yudh (class 4)

सागरानूपवासिभिः (sāgarānūpavāsibhiḥ) - by those dwelling in marshy regions near the sea, by coast-dwellers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sāgarānūpavāsin

sāgarānūpavāsin - dweller in marshy land near the sea

From sāgara (sea) + anūpa (marshy land) + vāsin (dweller).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāgara+anūpa+vāsin)

• sāgara – sea, ocean
  noun (masculine)
• anūpa – marshy land, watery region, bank of a river
  noun (masculine)
  anu (after, along) + ap (water).
  Prefix: anu
• vāsin – dweller, inhabitant, resident
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root vas (to dwell) + ṇin suffix.
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Qualifies yodhaiḥ.