महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-75, verse-8

स तेन प्रेषितो राज्ञा मेघवन्निनदन्मुहुः ।
मुखाडम्बरघोषेण समाद्रवत फल्गुनम् ॥८॥

8. sa tena preṣito rājñā meghavanninadanmuhuḥ ,
mukhāḍambaraghoṣeṇa samādravata phalgunam.

8. saḥ tena preṣitaḥ rājñā meghavat ninadan muhuḥ
mukhāḍambaraghoṣeṇa samādravata phalgunam

8. rājñā tena preṣitaḥ saḥ meghavat muhuḥ ninadan
mukhāḍambaraghoṣeṇa phalgunam samādravata

8. Sent by that king, the elephant repeatedly trumpeted like a cloud and, with the thunderous roar from its mouth, charged towards Arjuna.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that elephant (Vajradatta's elephant) (he, that)

• तेन (tena) - by that (king, Vajradatta) (by him, by that)

• प्रेषितः (preṣitaḥ) - sent (by the king) (sent, dispatched)

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king (Vajradatta) (by the king)

• मेघवत् (meghavat) - like a cloud (like a cloud, cloud-like)

• निनदन् (ninadan) - trumpeting, roaring (roaring, sounding)

• मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly (repeatedly, again and again)

• मुखाडम्बरघोषेण (mukhāḍambaraghoṣeṇa) - with the thunderous roar from its mouth/trumpeting (by the roar of its pompous mouth)

• समाद्रवत (samādravata) - he charged towards (he rushed towards, he charged)

• फल्गुनम् (phalgunam) - Arjuna

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that elephant (Vajradatta's elephant) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the action 'samādravata'.

तेन (tena) - by that (king, Vajradatta) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agent of sending 'preṣitaḥ'.

प्रेषितः (preṣitaḥ) - sent (by the king) (sent, dispatched)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of preṣita

preṣita - sent, dispatched, hurled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra-iṣ (to send) with kta suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (the elephant).

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king (Vajradatta) (by the king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Agent of sending, referring to Vajradatta.

मेघवत् (meghavat) - like a cloud (like a cloud, cloud-like)

(indeclinable)

vat suffix meaning 'like' or 'possessing'.

Note: Adverbial use describing how the elephant was roaring.

निनदन् (ninadan) - trumpeting, roaring (roaring, sounding)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ninadat

ninadat - sounding, roaring, making noise

Present Active Participle

Derived from ni-nad (to roar, sound) with śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Describes the elephant's action while charging.

मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly (repeatedly, again and again)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'ninadan'.

मुखाडम्बरघोषेण (mukhāḍambaraghoṣeṇa) - with the thunderous roar from its mouth/trumpeting (by the roar of its pompous mouth)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mukhāḍambaraghoṣa

mukhāḍambaraghoṣa - sound of a magnificent/pompous mouth

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mukha+āḍambara+ghoṣa)

• mukha – mouth, face
  noun (neuter)
• āḍambara – pomp, display, sound, noise
  noun (masculine)
• ghoṣa – sound, roar, noise
  noun (masculine)

Note: Instrumental, indicating the manner or means.

समाद्रवत (samādravata) - he charged towards (he rushed towards, he charged)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of dru

Imperfect tense

sam + ā + dru (root, class 1).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

फल्गुनम् (phalgunam) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (name of the third Pāṇḍava)

Note: Object of 'samādravata'.