महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-75, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एवं त्रिरात्रमभवत्तद्युद्धं भरतर्षभ ।
अर्जुनस्य नरेन्द्रेण वृत्रेणेव शतक्रतोः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
evaṁ trirātramabhavattadyuddhaṁ bharatarṣabha ,
arjunasya narendreṇa vṛtreṇeva śatakratoḥ.

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca evam trirātram abhavat tat yuddham
bharatarṣabha arjunasya narendreṇa vṛtreṇa iva śatakratoḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: "O best of Bharatas, that battle thus continued for three nights; it was a battle of Arjuna with the king (Vajradatta), similar to the battle of Indra (Śatakratu) with Vṛtra."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - The narrator, Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahabharata))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way (thus, in this manner, so)

• त्रिरात्रम् (trirātram) - for a duration of three nights (for three nights, a period of three nights)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - continued, occurred (was, happened, occurred)

• तत् (tat) - that mentioned (battle) (that)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - the battle (between Arjuna and Vajradatta) (battle, fight, war)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O King Janamejaya (O best of Bharatas, O chief of Bharatas)

• अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna

• नरेन्द्रेण (narendreṇa) - by King Vajradatta (by the king, by the chief of men)

• वृत्रेण (vṛtreṇa) - by the demon Vṛtra (by Vṛtra (name of a demon))

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• शतक्रतोः (śatakratoḥ) - of Indra (of Śatakratu (an epithet of Indra))

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - The narrator, Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahabharata))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - name of a sage, disciple of Vyasa, narrator of the Mahabharata

Note: The speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense

Perfect tense of √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

त्रिरात्रम् (trirātram) - for a duration of three nights (for three nights, a period of three nights)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of trirātra

trirātra - a period of three nights

Compound type : dvigu (tri+rātra)

• tri – three
  numeral
• rātra – night (usually used in compounds or with suffixes)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially to denote duration.

अभवत् (abhavat) - continued, occurred (was, happened, occurred)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense

Imperfect tense (Lan-lakāra) of √bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that mentioned (battle) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'yuddham'.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - the battle (between Arjuna and Vajradatta) (battle, fight, war)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

Substantivized past passive participle of √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'abhavat'.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O King Janamejaya (O best of Bharatas, O chief of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, chief of Bharatas

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a king
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: A vocative address to King Janamejaya, the listener of the Mahabharata narration.

अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince)

Note: Indicates possession or relation to the battle.

नरेन्द्रेण (narendreṇa) - by King Vajradatta (by the king, by the chief of men)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of narendra

narendra - king, chief of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Vajradatta, Arjuna's opponent.

वृत्रेण (vṛtreṇa) - by the demon Vṛtra (by Vṛtra (name of a demon))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vṛtra

vṛtra - Vṛtra (a Vedic demon, personification of drought, slain by Indra)

Note: Used in simile.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

शतक्रतोः (śatakratoḥ) - of Indra (of Śatakratu (an epithet of Indra))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śatakratu

śatakratu - Śatakratu (epithet of Indra, 'he of a hundred Vedic rituals (yajñas)')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śata+kratu)

• śata – hundred
  numeral
• kratu – power, insight, will, Vedic ritual (yajña)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used in simile. Refers to Indra.