महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-75, verse-19

स पतञ्शुशुभे नागो धनंजयशराहतः ।
विशन्निव महाशैलो महीं वज्रप्रपीडितः ॥१९॥

19. sa patañśuśubhe nāgo dhanaṁjayaśarāhataḥ ,
viśanniva mahāśailo mahīṁ vajraprapīḍitaḥ.

19. sa patan śuśubhe nāgaḥ dhanañjaya-śara-āhataḥ
viśan iva mahā-śailaḥ mahīm vajra-prapīḍitaḥ

19. That serpent (elephant), struck by Arjuna's (Dhananjaya's) arrows, fell and appeared like a great mountain, afflicted by a thunderbolt, sinking into the earth.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - that (serpent/elephant) (that, he)

• पतन् (patan) - falling (down) (falling, dropping)

• शुशुभे (śuśubhe) - appeared, looked (in its fallen state) (shone, appeared beautiful)

• नागः (nāgaḥ) - serpent (used here to refer to a war elephant) (serpent, elephant, mountain)

• धनञ्जय-शर-आहतः (dhanañjaya-śara-āhataḥ) - struck by Arjuna's arrows (struck by Dhananjaya's arrows)

• विशन् (viśan) - sinking (into the earth) (entering, penetrating)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• महा-शैलः (mahā-śailaḥ) - great mountain

• महीम् (mahīm) - into the earth (earth, ground)

• वज्र-प्रपीडितः (vajra-prapīḍitaḥ) - afflicted by a thunderbolt

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - that (serpent/elephant) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine nominative singular form of 'tad'.

पतन् (patan) - falling (down) (falling, dropping)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of patat

patat - falling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'pat' (to fall) + śatṛ suffix

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Masculine nominative singular of present active participle 'patat'.

शुशुभे (śuśubhe) - appeared, looked (in its fallen state) (shone, appeared beautiful)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of śubh

Perfect Tense

Reduplicated perfect, ātmanepada, 3rd person singular

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Middle voice (ātmanepada) perfect 3rd person singular.

नागः (nāgaḥ) - serpent (used here to refer to a war elephant) (serpent, elephant, mountain)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - serpent, snake, elephant, mountain

Note: Masculine nominative singular. In this context, 'nāga' refers to a war elephant.

धनञ्जय-शर-आहतः (dhanañjaya-śara-āhataḥ) - struck by Arjuna's arrows (struck by Dhananjaya's arrows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjayaśarāhata

dhanañjayaśarāhata - struck by Dhananjaya's arrows

Compound word: dhanañjaya (Arjuna) + śara (arrow) + āhata (struck)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhanañjaya+śara+āhata)

• dhanañjaya – Arjuna (lit. 'winner of wealth')
  proper noun (masculine)
  Bahuvrihi compound: dhana (wealth) + jaya (victory/winning)
• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• āhata – struck, hit, wounded
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill) with prefix 'ā-'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'nāgaḥ'.

विशन् (viśan) - sinking (into the earth) (entering, penetrating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśant

viśant - entering

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'viś' (to enter) + śatṛ suffix

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Masculine nominative singular of present active participle 'viśant'.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating comparison.

महा-शैलः (mahā-śailaḥ) - great mountain

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāśaila

mahāśaila - great mountain

Compound: mahā (great) + śaila (mountain)

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+śaila)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• śaila – mountain, rock
  noun (masculine)

Note: Masculine nominative singular.

महीम् (mahīm) - into the earth (earth, ground)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground

Note: Accusative singular, indicating direction of movement.

वज्र-प्रपीडितः (vajra-prapīḍitaḥ) - afflicted by a thunderbolt

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vajraprapīḍita

vajraprapīḍita - oppressed/afflicted by a thunderbolt

Compound: vajra (thunderbolt) + prapīḍita (afflicted)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vajra+prapīḍita)

• vajra – thunderbolt, diamond
  noun (masculine)
• prapīḍita – afflicted, oppressed, tormented
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'pīḍ' (to torment) with prefix 'pra-'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'mahāśailaḥ'.