महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-75, verse-4

त्वया वृद्धो मम पिता भगदत्तः पितुः सखा ।
हतो वृद्धोऽपचायित्वाच्छिशुं मामद्य योधय ॥४॥

4. tvayā vṛddho mama pitā bhagadattaḥ pituḥ sakhā ,
hato vṛddho'pacāyitvācchiśuṁ māmadya yodhaya.

4. tvayā vṛddhaḥ mama pitā bhagadattaḥ pituḥ sakhā
hataḥ vṛddhaḥ apacāyitvāt śiśum mām adya yodhaya

4. tvayā mama vṛddhaḥ pitā bhagadattaḥ pituḥ sakhā hataḥ.
(tvam) vṛddhaḥ (tam) apacāyitvāt adya śiśum mām yodhaya.

4. My aged father Bhagadatta, who was a friend of your father (Pāṇḍu), was killed by you. Having thus shown disrespect to an elder, now fight me, a mere child, today.

Words meanings summery:

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - Aged; referring to Bhagadatta. (old, aged, grown)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• पिता (pitā) - Vajradatta's father, Bhagadatta. (father)

• भगदत्तः (bhagadattaḥ) - King Bhagadatta of Prāgjyotiṣa, father of Vajradatta. (Bhagadatta (proper name))

• पितुः (pituḥ) - Of Arjuna's father, Pāṇḍu. (of the father)

• सखा (sakhā) - friend, companion

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck down

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - The elder (Bhagadatta) who was killed. (old, aged (person))

• अपचायित्वात् (apacāyitvāt) - Because of or by the act of disrespecting (the elder Bhagadatta). (by disrespect, due to disrespect)

• शिशुम् (śiśum) - Me, a mere child (Vajradatta referring to himself). (child, infant)

• माम् (mām) - me

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• योधय (yodhaya) - Fight (me). (fight, make war)

Words meanings and morphology

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you

Note: Agent of the passive action 'hataḥ'.

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - Aged; referring to Bhagadatta. (old, aged, grown)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

past passive participle

From root 'vṛdh' (to grow), past passive participle, nominative singular masculine.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Possessive adjective.

पिता (pitā) - Vajradatta's father, Bhagadatta. (father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Subject of the sentence.

भगदत्तः (bhagadattaḥ) - King Bhagadatta of Prāgjyotiṣa, father of Vajradatta. (Bhagadatta (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagadatta

bhagadatta - Given by fortune (lit.), Bhagadatta (proper name)

Compound of 'bhaga' (fortune) and 'datta' (given).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaga+datta)

• bhaga – fortune, wealth, majesty
  noun (masculine)
• datta – given
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From root 'dā' (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject of the sentence (was killed).

पितुः (pituḥ) - Of Arjuna's father, Pāṇḍu. (of the father)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Refers to Arjuna's father, Pāṇḍu.

सखा (sakhā) - friend, companion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

Note: Predicate nominative for Bhagadatta.

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

past passive participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill), past passive participle, nominative singular masculine.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Describes Bhagadatta.

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - The elder (Bhagadatta) who was killed. (old, aged (person))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown

past passive participle

From root 'vṛdh' (to grow), past passive participle, nominative singular masculine.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

अपचायित्वात् (apacāyitvāt) - Because of or by the act of disrespecting (the elder Bhagadatta). (by disrespect, due to disrespect)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of apacāyitva

apacāyitva - disrespect, contempt, disregard

Derived from 'apacāya' (to disrespect) + 'tva' (nominalizing suffix). Ablative case.

Note: Indicates cause or manner, 'owing to disrespect'.

शिशुम् (śiśum) - Me, a mere child (Vajradatta referring to himself). (child, infant)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śiśu

śiśu - child, infant, young animal

Note: Object of 'yodhaya'.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Object of 'yodhaya'.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

योधय (yodhaya) - Fight (me). (fight, make war)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of yudh

imperative, active voice (causative stem)

From root 'yudh' (to fight), causative stem 'yodhaya', imperative mood, 2nd person singular, active voice.

Root: yudh (class 4)