महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-75, verse-21

अब्रवीद्धि महातेजाः प्रस्थितं मां युधिष्ठिरः ।
राजानस्ते न हन्तव्या धनंजय कथंचन ॥२१॥

21. abravīddhi mahātejāḥ prasthitaṁ māṁ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
rājānaste na hantavyā dhanaṁjaya kathaṁcana.

21. abravīt hi mahā-tejāḥ prasthitam mām yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
rājānaḥ te na hantavyāḥ dhanañjaya kathaṃcana

21. Indeed, the greatly glorious Yudhishthira said to me as I was setting out: 'Those kings are not to be killed by you, Dhananjaya (Arjuna), under any circumstances.'

Words meanings summery:

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• महा-तेजाः (mahā-tejāḥ) - the greatly glorious (Yudhishthira) (of great splendor, very glorious, mighty)

• प्रस्थितम् (prasthitam) - having set out (me) (having set out, departed, gone forth)

• माम् (mām) - me (Arjuna) (me)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira (proper name))

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

• ते (te) - those (kings) (they, those)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हन्तव्याः (hantavyāḥ) - should not be killed (to be killed, fit to be killed)

• धनञ्जय (dhanañjaya) - O Dhananjaya (Arjuna) (Dhananjaya, Arjuna)

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - under any circumstances (by any means, in any way, by no means (with negation))

Words meanings and morphology

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Tense

Imperfect, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Active voice imperfect 3rd person singular.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

महा-तेजाः (mahā-tejāḥ) - the greatly glorious (Yudhishthira) (of great splendor, very glorious, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - great glory, great energy, highly splendid

Compound: mahā (great) + tejas (splendor)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+tejas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• tejas – splendor, glory, energy, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Masculine nominative singular, qualifying Yudhishthira.

प्रस्थितम् (prasthitam) - having set out (me) (having set out, departed, gone forth)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prasthita

prasthita - set out, departed, gone forth

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'pra-'

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Masculine accusative singular, agrees with 'mām'.

माम् (mām) - me (Arjuna) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Accusative singular of first person pronoun.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (lit. 'steady in battle')

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (steady)

Compound type : aluk-saptami-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – steady, firm, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Masculine nominative singular.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king

Note: Masculine nominative plural.

ते (te) - those (kings) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine nominative plural form of 'tad'. Refers to 'rājānaḥ'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

हन्तव्याः (hantavyāḥ) - should not be killed (to be killed, fit to be killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hantavya

hantavya - to be killed, deserving to be killed

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill) + tavya suffix

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Masculine nominative plural. Expresses obligation or necessity in passive voice.

धनञ्जय (dhanañjaya) - O Dhananjaya (Arjuna) (Dhananjaya, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - Arjuna (lit. 'winner of wealth')

Bahuvrihi compound: dhana (wealth) + jaya (victory/winning)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, winning
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Masculine vocative singular.

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - under any circumstances (by any means, in any way, by no means (with negation))

(indeclinable)

Formed from katham (how) + cana (any)

Note: Indeclinable particle.