महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-75, verse-13

स नागप्रवरो वीर्यादर्जुनेन निवारितः ।
तस्थौ शरैर्वितुन्नाङ्गः श्वाविच्छललितो यथा ॥१३॥

13. sa nāgapravaro vīryādarjunena nivāritaḥ ,
tasthau śarairvitunnāṅgaḥ śvāvicchalalito yathā.

13. saḥ nāgapravaraḥ vīryāt arjunena nivāritaḥ
tasthau śaraiḥ vitunnāṅgaḥ śvāvit śalalitaḥ yathā

13. That excellent elephant, stopped by Arjuna's valor, stood with its body pierced by arrows, just like a porcupine covered with quills.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• नागप्रवरः (nāgapravaraḥ) - Bhagadatta's elephant (excellent elephant, best among elephants)

• वीर्यात् (vīryāt) - by valor, by might, by power

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• निवारितः (nivāritaḥ) - stopped, checked, repelled

• तस्थौ (tasthau) - he stood, remained

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• वितुन्नाङ्गः (vitunnāṅgaḥ) - having its limbs pierced/wounded

• श्वावित् (śvāvit) - porcupine

• शललितः (śalalitaḥ) - covered with quills/bristles

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

नागप्रवरः (nāgapravaraḥ) - Bhagadatta's elephant (excellent elephant, best among elephants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāgapravara

nāgapravara - excellent elephant, chief of serpents (nāgas)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nāga+pravara)

• nāga – snake, serpent; elephant
  noun (masculine)
• pravara – excellent, chief, best
  adjective (masculine)

वीर्यात् (vīryāt) - by valor, by might, by power

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - valor, strength, power, energy

Note: used instrumentally here (by means of)

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a Pāṇḍava prince); white, silver-colored

निवारितः (nivāritaḥ) - stopped, checked, repelled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nivārita

nivārita - stopped, restrained, prevented, warded off

Past Passive Participle

from causative √nivṛ

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: modifies nāgapravaraḥ

तस्थौ (tasthau) - he stood, remained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of sthā

Perfect Tense

reduplicated perfect form of √sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

वितुन्नाङ्गः (vitunnāṅgaḥ) - having its limbs pierced/wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vitunnāṅga

vitunnāṅga - having its limbs pierced, with a wounded body

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vitunna+aṅga)

• vitunna – pierced, wounded, pricked
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √tud with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: tud (class 6)
• aṅga – limb, body, part
  noun (neuter)

Note: modifies nāgapravaraḥ

श्वावित् (śvāvit) - porcupine

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvāvidh

śvāvidh - porcupine

stem ending in -dh, nominative singular -t

शललितः (śalalitaḥ) - covered with quills/bristles

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalalita

śalalita - having quills, bristling with spines

from śala (quill, arrow)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)