महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-75, verse-10

तमापतन्तं संप्रेक्ष्य वज्रदत्तस्य वारणम् ।
गाण्डीवमाश्रित्य बली न व्यकम्पत शत्रुहा ॥१०॥

10. tamāpatantaṁ saṁprekṣya vajradattasya vāraṇam ,
gāṇḍīvamāśritya balī na vyakampata śatruhā.

10. tam āpatantam samprekṣya vajradattasya vāraṇam
gāṇḍīvam āśritya balī na vyakampata śatruhā

10. vajradattasya tam āpatantam vāraṇam samprekṣya
balī śatruhā gāṇḍīvam āśritya na vyakampata

10. Having observed Vajradatta's elephant charging towards him, the mighty slayer of foes (Arjuna), relying on his Gaṇḍīva bow, did not tremble.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (elephant) (him, that)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - charging/approaching (approaching, falling upon)

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having observed (having seen, having observed)

• वज्रदत्तस्य (vajradattasya) - of Vajradatta

• वारणम् (vāraṇam) - the elephant (of Vajradatta) (an elephant, one who wards off)

• गाण्डीवम् (gāṇḍīvam) - the Gaṇḍīva bow (Gaṇḍīva (Arjuna's bow))

• आश्रित्य (āśritya) - relying on, holding (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, holding)

• बली (balī) - the powerful one (Arjuna) (strong, powerful)

• न (na) - not

• व्यकम्पत (vyakampata) - he did not tremble (he trembled, he shook)

• शत्रुहा (śatruhā) - the slayer of foes (Arjuna) (destroyer of enemies, slayer of foes)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (elephant) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'vāraṇam', object of 'samprekṣya'.

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - charging/approaching (approaching, falling upon)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling, flying

Present Active Participle

Derived from ā-pat (to fall/rush upon) with śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the approaching elephant.

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having observed (having seen, having observed)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Derived from sam-pra-īkṣ (to look at, observe) with lyap suffix.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Expresses a preceding action to 'vyakampata'.

वज्रदत्तस्य (vajradattasya) - of Vajradatta

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vajradatta

vajradatta - Vajradatta (a proper name)

Note: Possessive, describing 'vāraṇam'.

वारणम् (vāraṇam) - the elephant (of Vajradatta) (an elephant, one who wards off)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāraṇa

vāraṇa - an elephant; warding off, preventing

From root vṛ (to cover, ward off).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Object of 'samprekṣya'.

गाण्डीवम् (gāṇḍīvam) - the Gaṇḍīva bow (Gaṇḍīva (Arjuna's bow))

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gāṇḍīva

gāṇḍīva - name of Arjuna's bow

Note: Object of 'āśritya'.

आश्रित्य (āśritya) - relying on, holding (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, holding)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Derived from ā-śri (to resort to, hold) with lyap suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Expresses a preceding action to 'vyakampata'.

बली (balī) - the powerful one (Arjuna) (strong, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty

Formed with in suffix.

Note: Subject of 'vyakampata'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

व्यकम्पत (vyakampata) - he did not tremble (he trembled, he shook)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of kamp

Imperfect tense

vi + kamp (root, class 1).

Prefix: vi

Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the clause.

शत्रुहा (śatruhā) - the slayer of foes (Arjuna) (destroyer of enemies, slayer of foes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatruhantṛ

śatruhantṛ - destroyer of enemies, slayer of foes

Agent noun

Compound of śatru (enemy) and hantṛ (slayer, from root han).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (śatru+hantṛ)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• hantṛ – slayer, destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root han.
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'balī' (Arjuna).