महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-7, verse-1

संवर्त उवाच ।
कथमस्मि त्वया ज्ञातः केन वा कथितोऽस्मि ते ।
एतदाचक्ष्व मे तत्त्वमिच्छसे चेत्प्रियं मम ॥१॥

1. saṁvarta uvāca ,
kathamasmi tvayā jñātaḥ kena vā kathito'smi te ,
etadācakṣva me tattvamicchase cetpriyaṁ mama.

1. saṃvarta uvāca katham asmi tvayā jñātaḥ kena vā kathitaḥ
asmi te etat ācakṣva me tattvam icchase cet priyam mama

1. saṃvarta uvāca katham tvayā jñātaḥ asmi vā kena te kathitaḥ
asmi cet mama priyam icchase etat tattvam me ācakṣva

1. Saṃvarta said: 'How have you come to know me, or by whom was I described to you? Tell me this truth if you wish to please me.'

Words meanings summery:

• संवर्त (saṁvarta) - Saṃvarta (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• ज्ञातः (jñātaḥ) - known

• केन (kena) - by whom, by what

• वा (vā) - or

• कथितः (kathitaḥ) - told, described

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• ते (te) - to you, for you, your

• एतत् (etat) - this

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, explain, relate

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - truth, reality, essence

• इच्छसे (icchase) - you desire, you wish

• चेत् (cet) - if

• प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved; favor, pleasure

• मम (mama) - my, of me

Words meanings and morphology

संवर्त (saṁvarta) - Saṃvarta (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvarta

saṁvarta - a sage, name of a ṛṣi; destruction, deluge

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root 'vac' (class 2) with reduplication 'uvāc-a'

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

present tense, 1st person singular

Root 'as' (class 2) conjugated in the present tense

Root: as (class 2)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvad

tvad - you

ज्ञातः (jñātaḥ) - known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñāta

jñāta - known, understood, perceived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'jñā' with suffix '-ta'

Root: jñā (class 9)

केन (kena) - by whom, by what

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

कथितः (kathitaḥ) - told, described

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kathita

kathita - told, spoken, narrated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kath' with suffix '-ita'

Root: kath (class 10)

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

present tense, 1st person singular

Root 'as' (class 2) conjugated in the present tense

Root: as (class 2)

ते (te) - to you, for you, your

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, explain, relate

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of ācakṣ

imperative, 2nd person singular, middle voice

Root 'cakṣ' (class 2) with prefix 'ā', conjugated in the imperative mood

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - truth, reality, essence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, principle, essence

इच्छसे (icchase) - you desire, you wish

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of iṣ

present tense, 2nd person singular, middle voice

Root 'iṣ' (class 6) conjugated in the present tense

Root: iṣ (class 6)

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved; favor, pleasure

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing; a favorite, beloved person/thing

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me