महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-46, verse-23

तस्मिन्नस्तमिते भीष्मे कौरवाणां धुरंधरे ।
ज्ञानान्यल्पीभविष्यन्ति तस्मात्त्वां चोदयाम्यहम् ॥२३॥

23. tasminnastamite bhīṣme kauravāṇāṁ dhuraṁdhare ,
jñānānyalpībhaviṣyanti tasmāttvāṁ codayāmyaham.

23. tasmin astamite bhīṣme kauravāṇām dhuraṃdhare
jñānāni alpībhviṣyanti tasmāt tvām codayāmi aham

23. tasmin bhīṣme kauravāṇām dhuraṃdhare astamite
jñānāni alpībhviṣyanti tasmāt aham tvām codayāmi

23. When Bhishma, that leader of the Kauravas, has passed away, knowledge will diminish. Therefore, I urge you (to ask him).

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (Bhishma) (in that, on that, when that)

• अस्तमिते (astamite) - when he (Bhishma) has passed away (set, gone down, passed away)

• भीष्मे (bhīṣme) - in Bhishma, when Bhishma

• कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kauravas

• धुरंधरे (dhuraṁdhare) - when the leader of the Kauravas (in the bearer of the burden, in the leader)

• ज्ञानानि (jñānāni) - knowledge, wisdom

• अल्पीभ्विष्यन्ति (alpībhviṣyanti) - will diminish, will become little

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• त्वाम् (tvām) - Yudhishthira (you)

• चोदयामि (codayāmi) - I urge you (to go and ask Bhishma) (I urge, I impel, I encourage)

• अहम् (aham) - Krishna (Vasudeva) (I)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (Bhishma) (in that, on that, when that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

अस्तमिते (astamite) - when he (Bhishma) has passed away (set, gone down, passed away)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of astamita

astamita - set, passed away, gone to rest

Past Passive Participle

Compound of `asta` (setting) + `ita` (gone), from root `i` + `kta` suffix. Or directly from `astam-i` (to set).

Prefix: asta

Root: i (class 2)

भीष्मे (bhīṣme) - in Bhishma, when Bhishma

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a Kuru warrior), terrible, formidable

कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kauravas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kaurava lineage

Patronymic from Kuru

धुरंधरे (dhuraṁdhare) - when the leader of the Kauravas (in the bearer of the burden, in the leader)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of dhuraṃdhara

dhuraṁdhara - bearer of a burden, leader, chief

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (dhur+dhara)

• dhur – burden, yoke, responsibility, chief part
  noun (feminine)
• dhara – bearing, holding, supporting
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root `dhṛ` (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

ज्ञानानि (jñānāni) - knowledge, wisdom

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding

From root `jñā` (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

अल्पीभ्विष्यन्ति (alpībhviṣyanti) - will diminish, will become little

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of alpībhū

future tense, 3rd person plural

Denominative verb formed from `alpa` (small) and `bhū` (to be/become). Future stem `alpībhaviṣya-`

Root: bhū (class 1)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of `tad` used as an indeclinable adverb.

त्वाम् (tvām) - Yudhishthira (you)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

चोदयामि (codayāmi) - I urge you (to go and ask Bhishma) (I urge, I impel, I encourage)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of cud

causative present, 1st person singular

Causative stem `codaya-` from root `cud`, class 10 or causative form.

Root: cud (class 10)

अहम् (aham) - Krishna (Vasudeva) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we