महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-332, verse-4

तपो हि तप्यतस्तस्य यत्स्थानं परमात्मनः ।
न तत्संप्राप्नुते कश्चिदृते ह्यावां द्विजोत्तम ॥४॥

4. tapo hi tapyatastasya yatsthānaṁ paramātmanaḥ ,
na tatsaṁprāpnute kaścidṛte hyāvāṁ dvijottama.

4. tapaḥ hi tapyataḥ tasya yat sthānam paramātmanaḥ
na tat samprāpnute kaścit ṛte hi āvām dvijottama

4. dvijottama hi paramātmanaḥ yat sthānam tasya
tapyataḥ tat kaścit āvām ṛte na samprāpnute

4. Indeed, that abode (sthāna) of the Supreme Self (paramātman) which is attained by him who performs severe austerity (tapas)—no one else attains that, except for us two, O best of brahmins.

Words meanings summery:

• तपः (tapaḥ) - Austerity, penance.

• हि (hi) - Indeed, surely, because.

• तप्यतः (tapyataḥ) - Of him performing austerity.

• तस्य (tasya) - Of him, his.

• यत् (yat) - Which, that which.

• स्थानम् (sthānam) - Abode, state, place.

• परमात्मनः (paramātmanaḥ) - Of the Supreme Self.

• न (na) - Not, no.

• तत् (tat) - That.

• सम्प्राप्नुते (samprāpnute) - Obtains, attains, reaches.

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - Anyone, someone.

• ऋते (ṛte) - Except for, without.

• हि (hi) - Indeed, surely, because.

• आवाम् (āvām) - We two, us two.

• द्विजोत्तम (dvijottama) - O best of brahmins.

Words meanings and morphology

तपः (tapaḥ) - Austerity, penance.

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, self-discipline, austerity, penance.

From root tap (to heat, to perform austerity).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Refers to the tapas (austerity) being performed.

हि (hi) - Indeed, surely, because.

(indeclinable)

तप्यतः (tapyataḥ) - Of him performing austerity.

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tapyat

tapyat - performing austerity, undergoing penance.

Present Active Participle

From root tap (to perform austerity), 4th class (passive sense in some forms, but here active).

Root: tap (class 4)

Note: Often used in a passive sense 'being heated' but can be active 'heating/performing tapas'.

तस्य (tasya) - Of him, his.

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it.

Demonstrative pronoun.

यत् (yat) - Which, that which.

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that which.

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to sthānam.

स्थानम् (sthānam) - Abode, state, place.

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - place, abode, state, condition, position.

From root sthā (to stand) + ana suffix.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The place or state.

परमात्मनः (paramātmanaḥ) - Of the Supreme Self.

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paramātman

paramātman - The Supreme Self, the Absolute Spirit.

Compound of parama (supreme) and ātman (self).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+ātman)

• parama – supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate.
  adjective
  Superlative form of para.
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, mind.
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

न (na) - Not, no.

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - That.

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it.

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of samprāpnute.

सम्प्राप्नुते (samprāpnute) - Obtains, attains, reaches.

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of samprāp

Present Tense, Middle Voice (ātmanepada)

From root āp (to obtain) with prefixes sam and pra.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - Anyone, someone.

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - anyone, someone, some.

From kim (who/what) + cit (indefinite particle).

Note: Subject of samprāpnute.

ऋते (ṛte) - Except for, without.

(indeclinable)

Takes accusative or ablative.

हि (hi) - Indeed, surely, because.

(indeclinable)

आवाम् (āvām) - We two, us two.

(pronoun)

Accusative, dual of asmad

asmad - I, we.

First person pronoun.

Note: Refers to the speaker and one other person.

द्विजोत्तम (dvijottama) - O best of brahmins.

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijottama

dvijottama - best of brahmins; an epithet for a brahmin, or sometimes for a bird.

Compound of dvija (twice-born, brahmin) and uttama (best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)

• dvija – twice-born; a brahmin, a bird, a tooth.
  noun (masculine)
  From dvi (twice) + root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• uttama – highest, best, excellent, supreme.
  adjective
  From ud (up) + root tam (to be exhausted/perfected) + a suffix.
  Prefix: ud