महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-3, verse-2

तस्मै स विधिवत्कृत्स्नं ब्रह्मास्त्रं सनिवर्तनम् ।
प्रोवाचाखिलमव्यग्रं तपस्वी सुतपस्विने ॥२॥

2. tasmai sa vidhivatkṛtsnaṁ brahmāstraṁ sanivartanam ,
provācākhilamavyagraṁ tapasvī sutapasvine.

2. tasmai saḥ vidhivat kṛtsnam brahmāstram sanivartanam
pra uvāca akhilam avyagram tapasvī sutapasvine

2. saḥ tapasvī vidhivat kṛtsnam akhilam sanivartanam brahmāstram avyagram tasmai sutapasvine pra uvāca.

2. That ascetic (tapas) (Paraśurāma) duly and completely taught the entire Brahmāstra (weapon), including its method of withdrawal, to the greatly ascetic (tapas) Karṇa, speaking calmly and without agitation.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मै (tasmai) - to him (Karṇa) (to him, for him)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Paraśurāma) (he, that)

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule, duly, properly

• कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire, whole, complete

• ब्रह्मास्त्रम् (brahmāstram) - the Brahmāstra (a divine weapon)

• सनिवर्तनम् (sanivartanam) - along with its method of withdrawal (along with its withdrawal, including the return)

• प्र उवाच (pra uvāca) - taught (taught, declared, spoke forth)

• अखिलम् (akhilam) - complete, entire (in its entirety) (all, complete, entire)

• अव्यग्रम् (avyagram) - calmly and without agitation (without agitation, calm, tranquil)

• तपस्वी (tapasvī) - the ascetic (Paraśurāma) (ascetic, sage)

• सुतपस्विने (sutapasvine) - to the greatly ascetic (tapas) Karṇa (to the greatly ascetic one, to the good ascetic)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मै (tasmai) - to him (Karṇa) (to him, for him)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Indicates the recipient of the teaching.

सः (saḥ) - he (Paraśurāma) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the subject, Paraśurāma.

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule, duly, properly

(indeclinable)

From 'vidhi' (rule, ordinance) with suffix '-vat'.

Note: Modifies the verb 'pra uvāca'.

कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire, whole, complete

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - all, whole, entire, complete

Note: Modifies 'brahmāstram'.

ब्रह्मास्त्रम् (brahmāstram) - the Brahmāstra (a divine weapon)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahmāstra

brahmāstra - the Brahmā weapon, a divine missile of immense power

Compound of 'brahman' (Brahma, the creative deity) and 'astra' (weapon).

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahman+astra)

• brahman – Brahma (the creator god); the Absolute, ultimate reality (brahman)
  proper noun (masculine)
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'pra uvāca'.

सनिवर्तनम् (sanivartanam) - along with its method of withdrawal (along with its withdrawal, including the return)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sanivartana

sanivartana - with (its) withdrawal, including the counter-act or return

Compound of 'sa' (with) and 'nivartana' (withdrawal, turning back). 'Nivartana' is from root 'vṛt' with prefix 'ni'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+nivartana)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Often prefixed to nouns to form adjectives, meaning 'having X' or 'with X'.
• nivartana – withdrawal, turning back, cessation
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'vṛt' (to turn, to exist) with prefix 'ni'.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'brahmāstram'.

प्र उवाच (pra uvāca) - taught (taught, declared, spoke forth)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vac

Perfect past tense (lit), 3rd person singular, active voice. Root 'vac' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Here 'pra uvāca' is treated as a single verbal unit.

अखिलम् (akhilam) - complete, entire (in its entirety) (all, complete, entire)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akhila

akhila - whole, entire, complete, all

Compound of 'a' (not) and 'khila' (deficient, lacking).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+khila)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• khila – deficient, lacking, waste, remnant
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'brahmāstram', reinforcing 'kṛtsnam'.

अव्यग्रम् (avyagram) - calmly and without agitation (without agitation, calm, tranquil)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avyagra

avyagra - not agitated, calm, tranquil, attentive

Compound of 'a' (not) and 'vyagra' (agitated, distracted). 'Vyagra' is from root 'ag' with prefix 'vi'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+vyagra)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vyagra – agitated, distracted, engrossed
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'ag' (to move, to wind) with prefix 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ag (class 1)

Note: Can act as an adverb, modifying 'pra uvāca', or an adjective modifying the 'brahmāstram' (imparted calmly) or 'tapasvī' (who was calm). Given its position, it describes the manner of speaking.

तपस्वी (tapasvī) - the ascetic (Paraśurāma) (ascetic, sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, sage, one who practices austerity (tapas)

From 'tapas' (austerity, penance) with possessive suffix '-vin'.

Note: Subject of 'pra uvāca', referring to Paraśurāma.

सुतपस्विने (sutapasvine) - to the greatly ascetic (tapas) Karṇa (to the greatly ascetic one, to the good ascetic)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of sutapasvin

sutapasvin - a good ascetic, a greatly ascetic person, one who performs severe austerities (tapas)

Compound of 'su' (good, well, greatly) and 'tapasvin' (ascetic).

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+tapasvin)

• su – good, well, greatly, easily
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating excellence or ease.
• tapasvin – ascetic, sage, one who practices austerity (tapas)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the recipient of the teaching, referring to Karṇa.