महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-3, verse-18

तमुवाच महाबाहुर्जामदग्न्यः प्रतापवान् ।
कस्त्वं कस्माच्च नरकं प्रतिपन्नो ब्रवीहि तत् ॥१८॥

18. tamuvāca mahābāhurjāmadagnyaḥ pratāpavān ,
kastvaṁ kasmācca narakaṁ pratipanno bravīhi tat.

18. tam uvāca mahābāhuḥ jāmadagnyaḥ pratāpavān kaḥ
tvam kasmāt ca narakam pratipannaḥ bravīhi tat

18. mahābāhuḥ jāmadagnyaḥ pratāpavān tam uvāca: tvam kaḥ? ca kasmāt narakam pratipannaḥ? tat bravīhi.

18. The mighty-armed, powerful Jāmadagnya (Paraśurāma) said to him: 'Who are you, and how did you fall into hell? Tell me that.'

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, to him

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - An epithet for Paraśurāma. (mighty-armed, strong-armed)

• जामदग्न्यः (jāmadagnyaḥ) - Referring to Paraśurāma. (son of Jamadagni, belonging to Jamadagni)

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - powerful, glorious, majestic

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - from where, how, for what reason

• च (ca) - and, also

• नरकम् (narakam) - hell, to hell

• प्रतिपन्नः (pratipannaḥ) - fallen into, entered, obtained, reached

• ब्रवीहि (bravīhi) - tell, speak

• तत् (tat) - that

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, to him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - An epithet for Paraśurāma. (mighty-armed, strong-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - great-armed, mighty-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

जामदग्न्यः (jāmadagnyaḥ) - Referring to Paraśurāma. (son of Jamadagni, belonging to Jamadagni)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāmadagnya

jāmadagnya - descendant of Jamadagni (e.g., Paraśurāma)

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - powerful, glorious, majestic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - possessing glory or power, majestic, glorious

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - from where, how, for what reason

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'from where' or 'how'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नरकम् (narakam) - hell, to hell

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, Hades, infernal regions

प्रतिपन्नः (pratipannaḥ) - fallen into, entered, obtained, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratipanna

pratipanna - entered, reached, obtained, fallen into

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root pad with prefix prati- and suffix -kta.

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

ब्रवीहि (bravīhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Direct object of 'tell'.