महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-186, verse-5

सूर्यं सदोपतिष्ठेत न स्वप्याद्भास्करोदये ।
सायं प्रातर्जपन्संध्यां तिष्ठेत्पूर्वां तथापराम् ॥५॥

5. sūryaṁ sadopatiṣṭheta na svapyādbhāskarodaye ,
sāyaṁ prātarjapansaṁdhyāṁ tiṣṭhetpūrvāṁ tathāparām.

5. sūryam sadā upatiṣṭheta na svapyāt bhāskarodaye |
sāyam prātaḥ japan sandhyām tiṣṭhet pūrvām tathā aparām

5. sadā sūryam upatiṣṭheta bhāskarodaye na svapyāt sāyam prātaḥ sandhyām japan,
pūrvām tathā aparām tiṣṭhet

5. One should always worship the sun and should not sleep at sunrise. Chanting the morning and evening prayers, one should stand facing east in the morning and west in the evening.

Words meanings summery:

• सूर्यम् (sūryam) - the sun

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• उपतिष्ठेत (upatiṣṭheta) - one should perform worship or adoration (one should worship, one should attend upon)

• न (na) - not, no

• स्वप्यात् (svapyāt) - one should sleep

• भास्करोदये (bhāskarodaye) - at sunrise

• सायम् (sāyam) - in the evening

• प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning

• जपन् (japan) - silently reciting prayers or mantras (chanting, muttering)

• सन्ध्याम् (sandhyām) - the morning and evening ritual prayers performed at twilight (twilight, junction period, twilight prayer)

• तिष्ठेत् (tiṣṭhet) - one should stand, one should remain

• पूर्वाम् (pūrvām) - facing the eastern direction ((facing) east, eastern)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also, and

• अपराम् (aparām) - facing the western direction ((facing) west, western, other)

Words meanings and morphology

सूर्यम् (sūryam) - the sun

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun god

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

उपतिष्ठेत (upatiṣṭheta) - one should perform worship or adoration (one should worship, one should attend upon)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of upatiṣṭh

Optative Middle

Root 'sthā' with upasarga 'upa', 3rd person singular optative middle, ātmanepada

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

स्वप्यात् (svapyāt) - one should sleep

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of svap

Optative Active

3rd person singular optative active, parasmaipada

Root: svap (class 2)

भास्करोदये (bhāskarodaye) - at sunrise

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhāskarodaya

bhāskarodaya - sunrise, appearance of the sun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhāskara+udaya)

• bhāskara – sun, sun-maker
  noun (masculine)
• udaya – rising, ascent, appearance
  noun (masculine)
  Action noun
  From root 'i' (to go) with upasarga 'ud' and suffix '-a'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

सायम् (sāyam) - in the evening

(indeclinable)

प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning

(indeclinable)

जपन् (japan) - silently reciting prayers or mantras (chanting, muttering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of japan

jap - to mutter, to whisper, to chant (prayers or mantras)

Present Active Participle

From root 'jap' (to mutter), present active participle, nominative singular masculine

Root: jap (class 1)

सन्ध्याम् (sandhyām) - the morning and evening ritual prayers performed at twilight (twilight, junction period, twilight prayer)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sandhyā

sandhyā - twilight (morning or evening), junction period, prayer performed at these times

From root 'dhā' (to place) with upasarga 'sam' (together, junction)

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

तिष्ठेत् (tiṣṭhet) - one should stand, one should remain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of sthā

Optative Active

3rd person singular optative active, parasmaipada

Root: sthā (class 1)

पूर्वाम् (pūrvām) - facing the eastern direction ((facing) east, eastern)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pūrva

pūrva - eastern, prior, former, first

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also, and

(indeclinable)

अपराम् (aparām) - facing the western direction ((facing) west, western, other)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of apara

apara - other, western, later, inferior