महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-186, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
दुराचारा दुर्विचेष्टा दुष्प्रज्ञाः प्रियसाहसाः ।
असन्तो ह्यभिविख्याताः सन्तश्चाचारलक्षणाः ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
durācārā durviceṣṭā duṣprajñāḥ priyasāhasāḥ ,
asanto hyabhivikhyātāḥ santaścācāralakṣaṇāḥ.

2. bhīṣma uvāca durācārāḥ durviceṣṭāḥ duṣprajñāḥ priyasāhasāḥ
asantaḥ hi abhivikhyātāḥ santaḥ ca ācāralakṣaṇāḥ

2. bhīṣma uvāca durācārāḥ durviceṣṭāḥ duṣprajñāḥ priyasāhasāḥ hi asantaḥ abhivikhyātāḥ.
ca santaḥ ācāralakṣaṇāḥ.

2. Bhīṣma said: 'Those with poor conduct, misguided actions, faulty understanding, and a fondness for rashness are indeed known as the wicked. And the good are characterized by proper conduct.'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma (name of a warrior)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• दुराचाराः (durācārāḥ) - with poor conduct (of bad conduct, ill-behaved, wicked)

• दुर्विचेष्टाः (durviceṣṭāḥ) - with misguided actions (of bad actions, ill-doing, misguided in efforts)

• दुष्प्रज्ञाः (duṣprajñāḥ) - with faulty understanding (of poor understanding, foolish, ignorant)

• प्रियसाहसाः (priyasāhasāḥ) - with a fondness for rashness (fond of violence, prone to rashness, loving audacity)

• असन्तः (asantaḥ) - the wicked (the wicked, the bad people, non-existent)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• अभिविख्याताः (abhivikhyātāḥ) - are known (are well-known, are renowned, are described)

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - the good (the good people, the virtuous, existing ones)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• आचारलक्षणाः (ācāralakṣaṇāḥ) - characterized by proper conduct (characterized by good conduct, having conduct as a mark)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma (name of a warrior)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable, Bhīṣma

From root bhīṣ (to frighten)

Root: bhīṣ (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

दुराचाराः (durācārāḥ) - with poor conduct (of bad conduct, ill-behaved, wicked)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of durācāra

durācāra - ill-behaved, wicked, bad conduct

dur (bad) + ācāra (conduct)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dus+ācāra)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  prefix
  Negative prefix. dur is the form before vowels or soft consonants.
• ācāra – conduct, custom, proper behavior, tradition
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-car (to behave, practice)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)

दुर्विचेष्टाः (durviceṣṭāḥ) - with misguided actions (of bad actions, ill-doing, misguided in efforts)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of durviceṣṭa

durviceṣṭa - ill-acting, misguided in effort, bad actions

dur (bad) + viceṣṭa (action, effort)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dus+viceṣṭa)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  prefix
  Negative prefix. dur is the form before vowels or soft consonants.
• viceṣṭa – action, effort, movement, demeanor
  noun (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle of vi-ceṣṭ (to move, act)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

दुष्प्रज्ञाः (duṣprajñāḥ) - with faulty understanding (of poor understanding, foolish, ignorant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duṣprajña

duṣprajña - foolish, ignorant, bad understanding

dus (bad) + prajñā (wisdom, understanding)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dus+prajñā)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  prefix
  Negative prefix. duṣ before p.
• prajñā – wisdom, understanding, intelligence
  noun (feminine)
  From pra-jñā (to know well)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

प्रियसाहसाः (priyasāhasāḥ) - with a fondness for rashness (fond of violence, prone to rashness, loving audacity)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of priyasāhasa

priyasāhasa - fond of violence, prone to rashness, loving audacity

priya (dear) + sāhasa (rashness, violence)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (priya+sāhasa)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: prī (class 9)
• sāhasa – rashness, violence, audacity, enterprise
  noun (neuter)
  From saha (strength, power, with) or sah (to be able to, endure)
  Root: sah (class 1)

असन्तः (asantaḥ) - the wicked (the wicked, the bad people, non-existent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of asant

asant - wicked, bad, non-existent, unreal

Negative Present Active Participle

a (not) + sant (being, good)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sant)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
  Negative particle.
• sant – being, existing, good, virtuous
  participle (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  from root as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle

अभिविख्याताः (abhivikhyātāḥ) - are known (are well-known, are renowned, are described)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhivikhyāta

abhivikhyāta - well-known, famous, renowned, described

Past Passive Participle

From root khyā (to declare, proclaim) with prefixes abhi and vi

Prefixes: abhi+vi

Root: khyā (class 2)

सन्तः (santaḥ) - the good (the good people, the virtuous, existing ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sant

sant - being, existing, good, virtuous, noble

Present Active Participle

from root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

आचारलक्षणाः (ācāralakṣaṇāḥ) - characterized by proper conduct (characterized by good conduct, having conduct as a mark)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ācāralakṣaṇa

ācāralakṣaṇa - characterized by conduct, having proper behavior as a mark

Compound ācāra (conduct) + lakṣaṇa (mark, characteristic)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ācāra+lakṣaṇa)

• ācāra – conduct, custom, proper behavior, tradition
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-car (to behave, practice)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, attribute
  noun (neuter)
  From root lakṣ (to mark, observe)
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)