महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-186, verse-10

सायं प्रातर्मनुष्याणामशनं देवनिर्मितम् ।
नान्तरा भोजनं दृष्टमुपवासी तथा भवेत् ॥१०॥

10. sāyaṁ prātarmanuṣyāṇāmaśanaṁ devanirmitam ,
nāntarā bhojanaṁ dṛṣṭamupavāsī tathā bhavet.

10. sāyam prātaḥ manuṣyāṇām aśanam devanirmitam na
antarā bhojanam dṛṣṭam upavāsī tathā bhavet

10. manuṣyāṇām sāyam prātaḥ aśanam devanirmitam na
antarā bhojanam dṛṣṭam tathā upavāsī bhavet

10. For humans, eating (aśanam) in the evening and morning is divinely ordained. No meal (bhojanam) taken in between has been observed (as proper), and one who does so would thus be observing a fast (upavāsī).

Words meanings summery:

• सायम् (sāyam) - in the evening

• प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning

• मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - for humans (of humans, for humans)

• अशनम् (aśanam) - eating (aśanam) (eating, food, meal)

• देवनिर्मितम् (devanirmitam) - divinely ordained (divinely created, made by gods, divinely ordained)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अन्तरा (antarā) - in between (these times) (between, in the middle, in the interval)

• भोजनम् (bhojanam) - meal (bhojanam) (food, meal, eating)

• दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - observed (as proper) (seen, observed, perceived, understood)

• उपवासी (upavāsī) - a faster (upavāsī) (one who fasts, a faster, ascetic)

• तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would be (should be, may be, would be, becomes)

Words meanings and morphology

सायम् (sāyam) - in the evening

(indeclinable)

Accusative of sāyā (evening) used adverbially.

प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning

(indeclinable)

मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - for humans (of humans, for humans)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - human, man, human being

Derived from Manu (first man/progenitor)

अशनम् (aśanam) - eating (aśanam) (eating, food, meal)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aśana

aśana - eating, food, meal

From root aś (to eat) + ana (kṛtya suffix)

From root aś (to eat, consume).

Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Subject of 'devanirmitam'.

देवनिर्मितम् (devanirmitam) - divinely ordained (divinely created, made by gods, divinely ordained)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of devanirmita

devanirmita - made by gods, divinely created, divinely ordained

Past Passive Participle of nirmā, compounded with deva

Compound of deva (god) + nirmita (made).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+nirmita)

• deva – god, divine
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• nirmita – made, created, constructed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root mā (to measure, make) with upasarga nir (out, forth)
  Prefix: nis
  Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with aśanam.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अन्तरा (antarā) - in between (these times) (between, in the middle, in the interval)

(indeclinable)

भोजनम् (bhojanam) - meal (bhojanam) (food, meal, eating)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhojana

bhojana - food, meal, eating

Root bhuj + ana (kṛtya suffix)

From root bhuj (to eat, enjoy)

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Subject of 'dṛṣṭam' here.

दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - observed (as proper) (seen, observed, perceived, understood)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived, understood

Past Passive Participle

From root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective with an implied 'asti'.

उपवासी (upavāsī) - a faster (upavāsī) (one who fasts, a faster, ascetic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upavāsin

upavāsin - one who fasts, a faster, ascetic, abstainer

Agent noun from upa-vas

From root vas (to dwell) with upasarga upa- (near) meaning 'to dwell near' (implying near a deity by fasting).

Prefix: upa

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'bhavet'.

तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

भवेत् (bhavet) - would be (should be, may be, would be, becomes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular

From root bhū, 1st class, optative active.

Root: bhū (class 1)