महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-186, verse-24

त्वंकारं नामधेयं च ज्येष्ठानां परिवर्जयेत् ।
अवराणां समानानामुभयेषां न दुष्यति ॥२४॥

24. tvaṁkāraṁ nāmadheyaṁ ca jyeṣṭhānāṁ parivarjayet ,
avarāṇāṁ samānānāmubhayeṣāṁ na duṣyati.

24. tvamkāram nāmadheyam ca jyeṣṭhānām parivarjayet
avarāṇām samānānām ubhayeṣām na duṣyati

24. jyeṣṭhānām tvamkāram nāmadheyam ca parivarjayet
avarāṇām samānānām ubhayeṣām na duṣyati

24. One should avoid addressing elders (jyeṣṭha) with the informal "tvam" (you) or by their personal name. For inferiors and equals, however, doing so is not considered improper.

Words meanings summery:

• त्वम्कारम् (tvamkāram) - the act of addressing by 'tvam' (you, informal)

• नामधेयम् (nāmadheyam) - personal name, appellation

• च (ca) - and, also

• ज्येष्ठानाम् (jyeṣṭhānām) - of elders, of superiors

• परिवर्जयेत् (parivarjayet) - one should avoid, one should shun

• अवराणाम् (avarāṇām) - of inferiors, of youngsters

• समानानाम् (samānānām) - of equals, of those similar

• उभयेषाम् (ubhayeṣām) - of both, of both types

• न (na) - not, no

• दुष्यति (duṣyati) - it is faulty, it is wrong, it is spoiled

Words meanings and morphology

त्वम्कारम् (tvamkāram) - the act of addressing by 'tvam' (you, informal)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tvamkāra

tvamkāra - the addressing by 'tvam', using the informal 'you'

Compound type : tatpurusha (tvam+kāra)

• tvam – you (singular, informal)
  pronoun
• kāra – act of doing, making, expressing
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

नामधेयम् (nāmadheyam) - personal name, appellation

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nāmadheya

nāmadheya - name, appellation, designation

Compound type : tatpurusha (nāman+dheya)

• nāman – name
  noun (neuter)
• dheya – to be placed, to be called, to be designated
  adjective
  Gerundive
  Derived from root dhā (to place, to bear).
  Root: dhā (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ज्येष्ठानाम् (jyeṣṭhānām) - of elders, of superiors

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, senior, superior, most excellent

Superlative of 'vṛddha' or 'praśasya'.

परिवर्जयेत् (parivarjayet) - one should avoid, one should shun

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of parivṛj

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛj (class 1)

अवराणाम् (avarāṇām) - of inferiors, of youngsters

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of avara

avara - inferior, lower, younger, later

समानानाम् (samānānām) - of equals, of those similar

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of samāna

samāna - equal, similar, identical, common

उभयेषाम् (ubhayeṣām) - of both, of both types

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ubhaya

ubhaya - both

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

दुष्यति (duṣyati) - it is faulty, it is wrong, it is spoiled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of duṣ

Root: duṣ (class 4)