महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-177, verse-37

एष सप्तविधः प्रोक्तो गुण आकाशलक्षणः ।
त्रैस्वर्येण तु सर्वत्र स्थितोऽपि पटहादिषु ॥३७॥

37. eṣa saptavidhaḥ prokto guṇa ākāśalakṣaṇaḥ ,
traisvaryeṇa tu sarvatra sthito'pi paṭahādiṣu.

37. eṣaḥ saptavidhaḥ proktaḥ guṇaḥ ākāśalakṣaṇaḥ
traisvaryeṇa tu sarvatra sthitaḥ api paṭahādiṣu

37. eṣaḥ saptavidhaḥ ākāśalakṣaṇaḥ guṇaḥ proktaḥ tu
sarvatra paṭahādiṣu api sthitaḥ traisvaryeṇa

37. This sevenfold quality, which is the defining characteristic of space (ākāśa), is thus declared. However, even though it exists everywhere (e.g., in drums and similar instruments), it manifests through three tonal registers.

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (referring to the sevenfold quality) (this, this one)

• सप्तविधः (saptavidhaḥ) - sevenfold (sevenfold, of seven kinds)

• प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - is declared (said, declared, proclaimed)

• गुणः (guṇaḥ) - quality (referring to sound) (quality, attribute, characteristic)

• आकाशलक्षणः (ākāśalakṣaṇaḥ) - the defining characteristic of space (ākāśa) (characteristic of space, having the mark of space)

• त्रैस्वर्येण (traisvaryeṇa) - through three tonal registers (e.g., low, middle, high) (by three pitches, with three tonal registers)

• तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, however)

• सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere (everywhere, in every case)

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - even though it exists/is present (situated, standing, present, existing)

• अपि (api) - even though (also, even, moreover)

• पटहादिषु (paṭahādiṣu) - in drums and similar instruments (in drums and the like, among drums etc.)

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (referring to the sevenfold quality) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etas

etas - this, this one

Pronominal stem

Note: Refers to 'guṇaḥ'

सप्तविधः (saptavidhaḥ) - sevenfold (sevenfold, of seven kinds)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saptavidha

saptavidha - sevenfold, of seven kinds

Compound 'saptan' (seven) + 'vidha' (kind/sort)

प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - is declared (said, declared, proclaimed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prokta

prokta - said, declared, spoken, proclaimed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root 'vac' with prefix 'pra' and suffix '-ta'

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

गुणः (guṇaḥ) - quality (referring to sound) (quality, attribute, characteristic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, property, excellence, constituent

Note: Subject of 'proktaḥ'

आकाशलक्षणः (ākāśalakṣaṇaḥ) - the defining characteristic of space (ākāśa) (characteristic of space, having the mark of space)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ākāśalakṣaṇa

ākāśalakṣaṇa - characteristic of space, having space as its distinguishing mark

Tatpuruṣa compound meaning 'a characteristic of ākāśa'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ākāśa+lakṣaṇa)

• ākāśa – space, ether, sky, the element of space
  noun (masculine/neuter)
  From root 'kāś' (to appear, shine forth) with prefix 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kāś (class 1)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, definition
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'lakṣ' (to mark, observe)
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)

त्रैस्वर्येण (traisvaryeṇa) - through three tonal registers (e.g., low, middle, high) (by three pitches, with three tonal registers)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of traisvarya

traisvarya - state of having three notes/pitches, triad

Derived from 'trisvara' (three notes/pitches) with suffix '-ya' indicating a state or quality

तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Conjunctive particle

सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere (everywhere, in every case)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sarva' (all) with locative suffix '-tra'

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - even though it exists/is present (situated, standing, present, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, abiding, existing, being

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root 'sthā' with suffix '-ta'

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject is implied 'guṇaḥ'

अपि (api) - even though (also, even, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Particle, used here to form a concessive clause with 'sthitaḥ'

पटहादिषु (paṭahādiṣu) - in drums and similar instruments (in drums and the like, among drums etc.)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of paṭahādi

paṭahādi - drums etc., a group of things beginning with drum

Dvigu/Tatpuruṣa compound using 'ādi' to denote a class or group

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paṭaha+ādi)

• paṭaha – a drum, kettle-drum
  noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, and so on, etc.
  indeclinable