महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-177, verse-29

शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च रसश्चापां गुणाः स्मृताः ।
रसज्ञानं तु वक्ष्यामि तन्मे निगदतः शृणु ॥२९॥

29. śabdaḥ sparśaśca rūpaṁ ca rasaścāpāṁ guṇāḥ smṛtāḥ ,
rasajñānaṁ tu vakṣyāmi tanme nigadataḥ śṛṇu.

29. śabdaḥ sparśaḥ ca rūpam ca rasaḥ ca apām guṇāḥ
smṛtāḥ rasajñānam tu vakṣyāmi tat me nigadataḥ śṛṇu

29. śabdaḥ sparśaḥ ca rūpam ca rasaḥ ca apām guṇāḥ
smṛtāḥ tu tat rasajñānam vakṣyāmi nigadataḥ me śṛṇu

29. Sound, touch, form, and taste (rasa) are declared to be the qualities of water (apām). Now, I will explain the knowledge of taste; listen to me attentively.

Words meanings summery:

• शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, noise, word

• स्पर्शः (sparśaḥ) - touch, contact, tactile sensation

• च (ca) - and, also

• रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance, color, beauty

• च (ca) - and, also

• रसः (rasaḥ) - taste (rasa), juice, essence, emotion

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपाम् (apām) - Pertaining to the elemental water (Ap). (of waters, of the waters)

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, attributes

• स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - remembered, considered, declared, traditionally known

• रसज्ञानम् (rasajñānam) - knowledge of taste, understanding of tastes

• तु (tu) - Introduces a new point or transition. (but, indeed, however)

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will speak, I will say, I will explain

• तत् (tat) - Implies 'regarding that' or 'therefore'. Refers to the topic of 'knowledge of taste'. (that, therefore)

• मे (me) - 'From me' or 'my' (referring to the speaker). (to me, from me, my)

• निगदतः (nigadataḥ) - While I am speaking/explaining. (speaking, explaining, reciting)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

Words meanings and morphology

शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, noise, word

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word, speech

From root śabd (to sound).

Root: śabd (class 1)

स्पर्शः (sparśaḥ) - touch, contact, tactile sensation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sparśa

sparśa - touch, contact, tactile sensation

From root spṛś (to touch).

Root: spṛś (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance, color, beauty

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, appearance, shape, color, beauty, nature

From root rūp (to form).

Root: rūp (class 10)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

रसः (rasaḥ) - taste (rasa), juice, essence, emotion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - taste, juice, essence, fluid, sap, emotion

From root ras (to taste, feel, roar).

Root: ras (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपाम् (apām) - Pertaining to the elemental water (Ap). (of waters, of the waters)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water (often used in plural)

Root 'ap' itself. Irregular declension.

Root: ap

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities, attributes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, virtue, merit, strand, cord

Note: Subject of 'smṛtāḥ'.

स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - remembered, considered, declared, traditionally known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, known, considered, stated, traditional

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root smṛ (to remember).

Root: smṛ (class 1)

रसज्ञानम् (rasajñānam) - knowledge of taste, understanding of tastes

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rasajñāna

rasajñāna - knowledge of taste, perception of flavors

Compound of 'rasa' (taste) and 'jñāna' (knowledge).

Compound type : tatpurusha (rasa+jñāna)

• rasa – taste, juice, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ras (class 1)
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, perception
  noun (neuter)
  From root jñā (to know) with suffix -ana.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of 'vakṣyāmi'.

तु (tu) - Introduces a new point or transition. (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating emphasis or antithesis.

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will speak, I will say, I will explain

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Future active

From root vac, conjugated in future tense.

Root: vac (class 2)

तत् (tat) - Implies 'regarding that' or 'therefore'. Refers to the topic of 'knowledge of taste'. (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

मे (me) - 'From me' or 'my' (referring to the speaker). (to me, from me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Irregular declension, weak form.

Note: Here, 'from me' with 'nigadataḥ' implying a genitive absolute construction.

निगदतः (nigadataḥ) - While I am speaking/explaining. (speaking, explaining, reciting)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nigadat

nigadat - speaking, explaining, reciting

Present Active Participle

PAP of root gad (to speak) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Genitive absolute construction.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative active

Imperative 2nd person singular.

Root: śru (class 5)