महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-177, verse-17

ग्रहणात्सुखदुःखस्य छिन्नस्य च विरोहणात् ।
जीवं पश्यामि वृक्षाणामचैतन्यं न विद्यते ॥१७॥

17. grahaṇātsukhaduḥkhasya chinnasya ca virohaṇāt ,
jīvaṁ paśyāmi vṛkṣāṇāmacaitanyaṁ na vidyate.

17. grahaṇāt sukhaduḥkhasya chinnasya ca virohaṇāt
jīvam paśyāmi vṛkṣāṇām acaitanyam na vidyate

17. sukhaduḥkhasya grahaṇāt ca chinnasya virohaṇāt
vṛkṣāṇām jīvam paśyāmi acaitanyam na vidyate

17. From their reception of pleasure and pain, and from the regrowth of severed parts, I perceive a living essence (jīva) in trees. Insentience does not exist for them.

Words meanings summery:

• ग्रहणात् (grahaṇāt) - because of their reception (from taking, from grasping, from receiving, because of receiving)

• सुखदुःखस्य (sukhaduḥkhasya) - of pleasure and pain, of happiness and sorrow

• छिन्नस्य (chinnasya) - of severed parts (of that which is cut, of a severed part)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विरोहणात् (virohaṇāt) - from the regrowth (from sprouting, from growing again, because of regrowth)

• जीवम् (jīvam) - a living essence (jīva) (life, living principle, soul, living being)

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I perceive (I see, I perceive)

• वृक्षाणाम् (vṛkṣāṇām) - of trees

• अचैतन्यम् (acaitanyam) - insentience (unconsciousness, insentience, lack of consciousness)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exist (exists, is found, is present)

Words meanings and morphology

ग्रहणात् (grahaṇāt) - because of their reception (from taking, from grasping, from receiving, because of receiving)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of grahaṇa

grahaṇa - taking, grasping, seizing, receiving, perception

From root grah 'to seize, take'

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Indicates cause or reason.

सुखदुःखस्य (sukhaduḥkhasya) - of pleasure and pain, of happiness and sorrow

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sukhaduḥkha

sukhaduḥkha - pleasure and pain, happiness and sorrow

Dvandva compound

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – pleasure, happiness, joy, ease
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, suffering, difficulty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Governed by 'grahaṇāt'.

छिन्नस्य (chinnasya) - of severed parts (of that which is cut, of a severed part)

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of chinna

chinna - cut, severed, broken, divided

Past Passive Participle

From root chid 'to cut'

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Qualifies an implied noun (e.g., 'part').

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

विरोहणात् (virohaṇāt) - from the regrowth (from sprouting, from growing again, because of regrowth)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of virohaṇa

virohaṇa - sprouting, growing up, healing, regrowth

From vi-ruh 'to grow, sprout, heal'

Prefix: vi

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause or reason.

जीवम् (jīvam) - a living essence (jīva) (life, living principle, soul, living being)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jīva

jīva - life, living, existing, soul, vital breath, living being

From root jīv 'to live'

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Object of 'paśyāmi'.

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I perceive (I see, I perceive)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present tense, active voice, 1st person singular

From root dṛś 'to see' (Class 1, using 'paśya' stem)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वृक्षाणाम् (vṛkṣāṇām) - of trees

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

Root: vṛkṣ

अचैतन्यम् (acaitanyam) - insentience (unconsciousness, insentience, lack of consciousness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of acaitanya

acaitanya - unconsciousness, insentience, absence of intelligence/consciousness

From a- (negation) + caitanya (consciousness)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+caitanya)

• a – not, non-, un- (negation prefix)
  indeclinable
• caitanya – consciousness, intelligence, spirit
  noun (neuter)
  From cetana 'conscious'
  Root: cit

Note: Subject of 'vidyate'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

विद्यते (vidyate) - exist (exists, is found, is present)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present tense, middle voice, 3rd person singular

From root vid 'to be', Class 4 (divādi)

Root: vid (class 4)

Note: Denotes existence.