महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-177, verse-32

ह्रस्वो दीर्घस्तथा स्थूलश्चतुरस्रोऽणु वृत्तवान् ।
शुक्लः कृष्णस्तथा रक्तो नीलः पीतोऽरुणस्तथा ।
एवं द्वादशविस्तारो ज्योतीरूपगुणः स्मृतः ॥३२॥

32. hrasvo dīrghastathā sthūlaścaturasro'ṇu vṛttavān ,
śuklaḥ kṛṣṇastathā rakto nīlaḥ pīto'ruṇastathā ,
evaṁ dvādaśavistāro jyotīrūpaguṇaḥ smṛtaḥ.

32. hrasvaḥ dīrghaḥ tathā sthūlaḥ caturasraḥ
aṇuḥ vṛttavān | śuklaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ tathā
raktaḥ nīlaḥ pītaḥ aruṇaḥ tathā | evam
dvādaśavistāraḥ jyotirūpaguṇaḥ smṛtaḥ

32. hrasvaḥ dīrghaḥ tathā sthūlaḥ caturasraḥ
aṇuḥ vṛttavān śuklaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ tathā
raktaḥ nīlaḥ pītaḥ tathā aruṇaḥ evam
jyotirūpaguṇaḥ dvādaśavistāraḥ smṛtaḥ

32. Short, long, stout, square, minute, and round; white, black, red, blue, yellow, and tawny (aruṇa) – thus, the quality of light (jyotiḥ) in its forms is considered to have twelve aspects.

Words meanings summery:

• ह्रस्वः (hrasvaḥ) - short, small

• दीर्घः (dīrghaḥ) - long, tall, extensive

• तथा (tathā) - and (and, thus, in that manner)

• स्थूलः (sthūlaḥ) - stout, bulky, thick, gross

• चतुरस्रः (caturasraḥ) - square, quadrangular

• अणुः (aṇuḥ) - minute, atomic, subtle, fine

• वृत्तवान् (vṛttavān) - round, circular, having form

• शुक्लः (śuklaḥ) - white, bright, pure

• कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - black, dark

• तथा (tathā) - and (and, thus, in that manner)

• रक्तः (raktaḥ) - red, colored, dyed, passionate

• नीलः (nīlaḥ) - blue, dark blue, indigo

• पीतः (pītaḥ) - yellow

• अरुणः (aruṇaḥ) - tawny, reddish, dawn-colored

• तथा (tathā) - and (and, thus, in that manner)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• द्वादशविस्तारः (dvādaśavistāraḥ) - having twelve expansions/aspects

• ज्योतिरूपगुणः (jyotirūpaguṇaḥ) - the quality of light's form

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered, is described (remembered, considered, traditionally taught)

Words meanings and morphology

ह्रस्वः (hrasvaḥ) - short, small

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hrasva

hrasva - short, small, minute, stunted

दीर्घः (dīrghaḥ) - long, tall, extensive

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, tall, extensive, prolonged

तथा (tathā) - and (and, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

स्थूलः (sthūlaḥ) - stout, bulky, thick, gross

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthūla

sthūla - thick, bulky, stout, large, gross, coarse

चतुरस्रः (caturasraḥ) - square, quadrangular

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of caturasra

caturasra - square, quadrangular, four-cornered

Compound type : dvigu (catur+asra)

• catur – four
  numeral
• asra – corner, edge, angle
  noun (masculine)

अणुः (aṇuḥ) - minute, atomic, subtle, fine

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṇu

aṇu - minute, atomic, subtle, fine, particle, atom

वृत्तवान् (vṛttavān) - round, circular, having form

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛttavat

vṛttavat - round, circular, having form, having existence

possessive suffix -vat from vṛtta (P.P.P. of vṛt 'to be, exist, occur')

Root: vṛt (class 1)

शुक्लः (śuklaḥ) - white, bright, pure

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śukla

śukla - white, bright, pure, clean

कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - black, dark

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - black, dark, dark-blue, the name of a deity

तथा (tathā) - and (and, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

रक्तः (raktaḥ) - red, colored, dyed, passionate

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rakta

rakta - red, colored, dyed, impassioned, attached

Past Passive Participle

derived from root rañj (to color, dye)

Root: rañj (class 1)

नीलः (nīlaḥ) - blue, dark blue, indigo

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nīla

nīla - blue, dark blue, indigo, sapphire

पीतः (pītaḥ) - yellow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīta

pīta - yellow, pale, drunk (from root pā- 'to drink')

अरुणः (aruṇaḥ) - tawny, reddish, dawn-colored

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aruṇa

aruṇa - tawny, reddish, dawn-colored, the dawn itself

तथा (tathā) - and (and, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

द्वादशविस्तारः (dvādaśavistāraḥ) - having twelve expansions/aspects

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvādaśavistāra

dvādaśavistāra - having twelve expansions, consisting of twelve parts

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvādaśa+vistāra)

• dvādaśa – twelve
  numeral
• vistāra – expansion, extent, diffusion, detail
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: stṛ (class 5)

ज्योतिरूपगुणः (jyotirūpaguṇaḥ) - the quality of light's form

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyotirūpaguṇa

jyotirūpaguṇa - quality of the form of light, a quality of light forms

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jyotis+rūpa+guṇa)

• jyotis – light, splendor, fire, star
  noun (neuter)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, beauty
  noun (neuter)
• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent (of prakṛti)
  noun (masculine)

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered, is described (remembered, considered, traditionally taught)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, thought of, taught, considered

Past Passive Participle

derived from root smṛ (to remember)

Root: smṛ (class 1)