महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-177, verse-34

कठिनश्चिक्कणः श्लक्ष्णः पिच्छलो मृदुदारुणः ।
उष्णः शीतः सुखो दुःखः स्निग्धो विशद एव च ।
एवं द्वादशविस्तारो वायव्यो गुण उच्यते ॥३४॥

34. kaṭhinaścikkaṇaḥ ślakṣṇaḥ picchalo mṛdudāruṇaḥ ,
uṣṇaḥ śītaḥ sukho duḥkhaḥ snigdho viśada eva ca ,
evaṁ dvādaśavistāro vāyavyo guṇa ucyate.

34. kaṭhinaḥ cikkaṇaḥ ślakṣṇaḥ picchalaḥ
mṛdudāruṇaḥ | uṣṇaḥ śītaḥ sukhaḥ
duḥkhaḥ snigdhaḥ viśadaḥ eva ca | evam
dvādaśavistāraḥ vāyavyaḥ guṇaḥ ucyate

34. kaṭhinaḥ cikkaṇaḥ ślakṣṇaḥ picchalaḥ
mṛdudāruṇaḥ uṣṇaḥ śītaḥ sukhaḥ
duḥkhaḥ snigdhaḥ ca viśadaḥ eva evam
vāyavyaḥ guṇaḥ dvādaśavistāraḥ ucyate

34. Hard, smooth, fine, slippery, soft, and harsh; hot, cold, pleasant, painful, unctuous, and clear – these are the twelve aspects by which the quality of air (vāyavya guṇa) is described.

Words meanings summery:

• कठिनः (kaṭhinaḥ) - hard, rigid, firm, difficult

• चिक्कणः (cikkaṇaḥ) - smooth, glossy, slippery, unctuous

• श्लक्ष्णः (ślakṣṇaḥ) - smooth, fine, soft, polished

• पिच्छलः (picchalaḥ) - slippery, slimy, unctuous

• मृदुदारुणः (mṛdudāruṇaḥ) - soft and harsh

• उष्णः (uṣṇaḥ) - hot, warm

• शीतः (śītaḥ) - cold, cool

• सुखः (sukhaḥ) - pleasant (as a tactile sensation) (pleasant, happy, easy, comfort)

• दुःखः (duḥkhaḥ) - painful (as a tactile sensation) (painful, sorrowful, difficult, suffering)

• स्निग्धः (snigdhaḥ) - unctuous (as a tactile sensation) (unctuous, oily, smooth, affectionate)

• विशदः (viśadaḥ) - clear (as a tactile sensation, e.g., distinct) (clear, pure, distinct, bright)

• एव (eva) - emphasizing inclusion (indeed, only, just, exactly)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• द्वादशविस्तारः (dvādaśavistāraḥ) - having twelve expansions/aspects

• वायव्यः (vāyavyaḥ) - the quality intrinsic to air (airy, relating to air, belonging to Vāyu)

• गुणः (guṇaḥ) - quality, attribute, property

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called, is declared

Words meanings and morphology

कठिनः (kaṭhinaḥ) - hard, rigid, firm, difficult

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaṭhina

kaṭhina - hard, rigid, firm, difficult, severe

चिक्कणः (cikkaṇaḥ) - smooth, glossy, slippery, unctuous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cikkaṇa

cikkaṇa - smooth, glossy, slippery, unctuous

श्लक्ष्णः (ślakṣṇaḥ) - smooth, fine, soft, polished

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ślakṣṇa

ślakṣṇa - smooth, fine, soft, polished, subtle

पिच्छलः (picchalaḥ) - slippery, slimy, unctuous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of picchala

picchala - slippery, slimy, unctuous, sticky

मृदुदारुणः (mṛdudāruṇaḥ) - soft and harsh

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛdudāruṇa

mṛdudāruṇa - soft and harsh, gentle and severe

Compound type : dvandva (mṛdu+dāruṇa)

• mṛdu – soft, tender, gentle
  adjective (masculine)
• dāruṇa – harsh, dreadful, cruel, severe
  adjective (masculine)

उष्णः (uṣṇaḥ) - hot, warm

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uṣṇa

uṣṇa - hot, warm, ardent, sharp

शीतः (śītaḥ) - cold, cool

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śīta

śīta - cold, cool, frigid, calm

सुखः (sukhaḥ) - pleasant (as a tactile sensation) (pleasant, happy, easy, comfort)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sukha

sukha - pleasant, agreeable, happy, easy, joy, happiness, comfort

दुःखः (duḥkhaḥ) - painful (as a tactile sensation) (painful, sorrowful, difficult, suffering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - painful, sorrowful, difficult, suffering, misery, pain

स्निग्धः (snigdhaḥ) - unctuous (as a tactile sensation) (unctuous, oily, smooth, affectionate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of snigdha

snigdha - unctuous, oily, smooth, tender, affectionate

Past Passive Participle

derived from root snih (to be sticky, to love)

Root: snih (class 4)

विशदः (viśadaḥ) - clear (as a tactile sensation, e.g., distinct) (clear, pure, distinct, bright)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśada

viśada - clear, pure, white, distinct, lucid

Prefix: vi

Root: śad (class 1)

एव (eva) - emphasizing inclusion (indeed, only, just, exactly)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

द्वादशविस्तारः (dvādaśavistāraḥ) - having twelve expansions/aspects

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvādaśavistāra

dvādaśavistāra - having twelve expansions, consisting of twelve parts

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvādaśa+vistāra)

• dvādaśa – twelve
  numeral
• vistāra – expansion, extent, diffusion, detail
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: stṛ (class 5)

वायव्यः (vāyavyaḥ) - the quality intrinsic to air (airy, relating to air, belonging to Vāyu)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyavya

vāyavya - airy, aerial, belonging to Vāyu

गुणः (guṇaḥ) - quality, attribute, property

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, property, constituent (of prakṛti)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called, is declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of ucyate

passive voice, present tense

root vac (2nd class), passive form ucyate

Root: vac (class 2)