महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-177, verse-1

भरद्वाज उवाच ।
एते ते धातवः पञ्च ब्रह्मा यानसृजत्पुरा ।
आवृता यैरिमे लोका महाभूताभिसंज्ञितैः ॥१॥

1. bharadvāja uvāca ,
ete te dhātavaḥ pañca brahmā yānasṛjatpurā ,
āvṛtā yairime lokā mahābhūtābhisaṁjñitaiḥ.

1. bharadvājaḥ uvāca ete te dhātavaḥ pañca brahmā yān
asṛjat purā āvṛtā yaiḥ ime lokāḥ mahābhūtābisaṃjñitaiḥ

1. bharadvājaḥ uvāca: purā brahmā yān pañca dhātavaḥ asṛjat,
yaiḥ mahābhūtābisaṃjñitaiḥ ime lokāḥ āvṛtāḥ,
ete te.

1. Bharadvāja said: "These are the five constituent elements (dhātavaḥ) that brahmā created long ago, by which these worlds are enveloped, and which are designated as the great elements (mahābhūtas)."

Words meanings summery:

• भरद्वाजः (bharadvājaḥ) - the sage Bharadvāja (Bharadvāja (a sage's name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• एते (ete) - these (referring to the five elements) (these (masculine plural))

• ते (te) - those (elements referred to previously in the discourse) (those (masculine plural))

• धातवः (dhātavaḥ) - the constituent elements (dhātavaḥ) of the universe (elements, constituents, primary substances, roots)

• पञ्च (pañca) - five (elements) (five)

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - the creator deity (brahmā) (brahmā (the creator god))

• यान् (yān) - which (referring to the five elements) (whom, which (masculine plural accusative))

• असृजत् (asṛjat) - created, brought into being (created, released, let go)

• पुरा (purā) - long ago, in primeval times (formerly, in ancient times, before)

• आवृता (āvṛtā) - enveloped, encompassed (covered, enveloped, surrounded, obstructed)

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by which (elements) (by whom, by which (masculine plural instrumental))

• इमे (ime) - these (worlds, referring to observable worlds) (these (masculine plural nominative))

• लोकाः (lokāḥ) - the various worlds or cosmic realms (worlds, realms, people)

• महाभूताबिसंज्ञितैः (mahābhūtābisaṁjñitaiḥ) - designated by the name of 'great elements' (mahābhūtas) (designated as the great elements, known as the cosmic elements)

Words meanings and morphology

भरद्वाजः (bharadvājaḥ) - the sage Bharadvāja (Bharadvāja (a sage's name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharadvāja

bharadvāja - name of a celebrated ancient sage, one of the seven ṛṣis

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular, root √vac, class 2 (irregular perfect formation).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Forms the phrase 'Bharadvāja said'.

एते (ete) - these (referring to the five elements) (these (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to the elements currently being discussed.

ते (te) - those (elements referred to previously in the discourse) (those (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Correlative with `ete`, emphasizing known elements.

धातवः (dhātavaḥ) - the constituent elements (dhātavaḥ) of the universe (elements, constituents, primary substances, roots)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhātu

dhātu - element, constituent, primary substance, root (of a word or metal)

From √dhā (to place, put, make, create)

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Main subject of the clause after the speaker's introduction.

पञ्च (pañca) - five (elements) (five)

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies `dhātavaḥ`.

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - the creator deity (brahmā) (brahmā (the creator god))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - brahmā (the creator god), prayer, sacred text, universal self (brahman)

Masculine nominative singular for Brahmā, the deity.

Note: Subject of `asṛjat`.

यान् (yān) - which (referring to the five elements) (whom, which (masculine plural accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, that

Note: Object of `asṛjat`.

असृजत् (asṛjat) - created, brought into being (created, released, let go)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √sṛj

Imperfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular, root √sṛj, class 6.

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Verb for Brahmā's action.

पुरा (purā) - long ago, in primeval times (formerly, in ancient times, before)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

आवृता (āvṛtā) - enveloped, encompassed (covered, enveloped, surrounded, obstructed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, enveloped, surrounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Describes `lokāḥ`.

यैः (yaiḥ) - by which (elements) (by whom, by which (masculine plural instrumental))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, that

Note: Agent of `āvṛtā`.

इमे (ime) - these (worlds, referring to observable worlds) (these (masculine plural nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Qualifies `lokāḥ`.

लोकाः (lokāḥ) - the various worlds or cosmic realms (worlds, realms, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, space

Note: Subject of the clause `āvṛtā yaiḥ`.

महाभूताबिसंज्ञितैः (mahābhūtābisaṁjñitaiḥ) - designated by the name of 'great elements' (mahābhūtas) (designated as the great elements, known as the cosmic elements)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahābhūtābisaṃjñita

mahābhūtābisaṁjñita - designated as the great elements

Compound adjective, from mahābhūta (great element) + abhisaṃjñita (designated).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahābhūta+abhisaṃjñita)

• mahābhūta – great element, cosmic element (space, air, fire, water, earth)
  noun (neuter)
  Compound: mahā (great) + bhūta (element).
• abhisaṃjñita – designated, named, called
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √jñā with prefixes abhi- and sam-.
  Prefixes: abhi+sam
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies `yaiḥ`.