महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-177, verse-28

निर्हारी संहतः स्निग्धो रूक्षो विशद एव च ।
एवं नवविधो ज्ञेयः पार्थिवो गन्धविस्तरः ॥२८॥

28. nirhārī saṁhataḥ snigdho rūkṣo viśada eva ca ,
evaṁ navavidho jñeyaḥ pārthivo gandhavistaraḥ.

28. nirhārī saṃhataḥ snigdhaḥ rūkṣaḥ viśadaḥ eva ca
evam navavidhaḥ jñeyaḥ pārthivaḥ gandhavistaraḥ

28. nirhārī saṃhataḥ snigdhaḥ rūkṣaḥ viśadaḥ eva ca
evam pārthivaḥ gandhavistaraḥ navavidhaḥ jñeyaḥ

28. Diffusive, compact, oily, dry, and clear are also its qualities. In this way, the full range of earthly smells should be understood as nine-fold.

Words meanings summery:

• निर्हारी (nirhārī) - diffusive, spreading, permeating

• संहतः (saṁhataḥ) - compact, dense, blended, combined

• स्निग्धः (snigdhaḥ) - oily, smooth, unctuous, viscous, soft, tender

• रूक्षः (rūkṣaḥ) - dry, rough, harsh, unctuous

• विशदः (viśadaḥ) - clear, distinct, pure, clean, lucid

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• च (ca) - and, also

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• नवविधः (navavidhaḥ) - nine-fold, of nine kinds

• ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - to be known, knowable, understandable

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - Pertaining to the element Earth (pṛthivī). (earthly, terrestrial, belonging to earth)

• गन्धविस्तरः (gandhavistaraḥ) - extensive classification of smells, detailed description of odors

Words meanings and morphology

निर्हारी (nirhārī) - diffusive, spreading, permeating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirhārin

nirhārin - diffusive, spreading, carrying away

Agent noun/adjective

From 'nir-hṛ' (to take away, emit, diffuse). 'Nirhārin' implies having the nature of diffusing.

Prefix: nir

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'gandha'.

संहतः (saṁhataḥ) - compact, dense, blended, combined

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃhata

saṁhata - compact, dense, firm, united, struck

Past Passive Participle

PPP of 'saṃ-han' (to strike together, join, compact).

Prefix: sam

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'gandha'.

स्निग्धः (snigdhaḥ) - oily, smooth, unctuous, viscous, soft, tender

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of snigdha

snigdha - oily, smooth, unctuous, viscous, moist, affectionate

Past Passive Participle

PPP of 'snih' (to be oily, to be moist, to love).

Root: snih (class 4)

Note: Refers to 'gandha'.

रूक्षः (rūkṣaḥ) - dry, rough, harsh, unctuous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rūkṣa

rūkṣa - dry, rough, harsh, unctuous, astringent

From root rūkṣ (to be rough, dry).

Root: rūkṣ (class 10)

Note: Refers to 'gandha'.

विशदः (viśadaḥ) - clear, distinct, pure, clean, lucid

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśada

viśada - clear, distinct, pure, clean, bright, white

From 'vi-śad' (to fall out, become clear).

Prefix: vi

Root: śad (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'gandha'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Particle for emphasis.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the list of adjectives.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle.

नवविधः (navavidhaḥ) - nine-fold, of nine kinds

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of navavidha

navavidha - nine-fold, of nine kinds

Compound of 'nava' (nine) and 'vidha' (kind, sort).

Compound type : dvigu (nava+vidha)

• nava – nine
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, manner, way
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhā (to place, hold, make) with prefix vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'gandhavistaraḥ'.

ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - to be known, knowable, understandable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñeya

jñeya - to be known, knowable, understandable, perceivable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Formed from root jñā (to know) with suffix -eya.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'gandhavistaraḥ'.

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - Pertaining to the element Earth (pṛthivī). (earthly, terrestrial, belonging to earth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, terrestrial, relating to the earth, a king

Derived from 'pṛthivī' (earth) with suffix -a.

Note: Modifies 'gandhavistaraḥ'.

गन्धविस्तरः (gandhavistaraḥ) - extensive classification of smells, detailed description of odors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gandhavistara

gandhavistara - extensive classification of smells, detailed description of odors

Compound of 'gandha' (smell) and 'vistara' (extension, detail).

Compound type : tatpurusha (gandha+vistara)

• gandha – smell, fragrance, odor
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gandh (class 1)
• vistara – extension, expanse, detail, extensive account
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-stṛ, to spread out, extend.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: stṛ (class 5)

Note: Subject of 'jñeyaḥ'.