महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-98, verse-19

न स्यादन्धश्च वृद्धश्च भर्तव्योऽयमिति स्म ते ।
चिन्तयित्वा ततः क्रूराः प्रतिजग्मुरथो गृहान् ॥१९॥

19. na syādandhaśca vṛddhaśca bhartavyo'yamiti sma te ,
cintayitvā tataḥ krūrāḥ pratijagmuratho gṛhān.

19. na syāt andhaḥ ca vṛddhaḥ ca bhartavyaḥ ayam iti sma
te cintayitvā tataḥ krūrāḥ pratijagmuḥ atho gṛhān

19. Thinking, "He should not be blind and old and a burden to be maintained," those cruel sons then returned to their homes.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• स्यात् (syāt) - he should be, let him be, may he be

• अन्धः (andhaḥ) - blind

• च (ca) - and

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged, grown

• च (ca) - and

• भर्तव्यः (bhartavyaḥ) - to be supported, to be maintained, to be nourished

• अयम् (ayam) - this one, he

• इति (iti) - thus, in this way, (marks direct speech or thought)

• स्म (sma) - (often used with present tense verbs to convey past action, here used with 'iti' to indicate thought) ((emphatic particle, or marks past tense))

• ते (te) - they

• चिन्तयित्वा (cintayitvā) - having thought, having considered

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• क्रूराः (krūrāḥ) - cruel, fierce, harsh

• प्रतिजग्मुः (pratijagmuḥ) - they went back, they returned

• अथो (atho) - and then, moreover

• गृहान् (gṛhān) - homes, houses

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - he should be, let him be, may he be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

From root √as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to the sage.

अन्धः (andhaḥ) - blind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of andha

andha - blind, dark

Root: andh

Note: Predicate adjective for the implied subject (the sage).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged, grown

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

From root √vṛdh (to grow, increase).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for the implied subject (the sage).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भर्तव्यः (bhartavyaḥ) - to be supported, to be maintained, to be nourished

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartavya

bhartavya - to be supported, to be maintained, to be carried

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

From root √bhṛ (to bear, support) with suffix -tavya.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'ayam'.

अयम् (ayam) - this one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the sage.

इति (iti) - thus, in this way, (marks direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - (often used with present tense verbs to convey past action, here used with 'iti' to indicate thought) ((emphatic particle, or marks past tense))

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the sons.

चिन्तयित्वा (cintayitvā) - having thought, having considered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root √cit (to perceive, think) in causative (cintay) with suffix -tvā.

Root: cit (class 10)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

क्रूराः (krūrāḥ) - cruel, fierce, harsh

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, hard, painful

Root: krū

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'te' (the sons).

प्रतिजग्मुः (pratijagmuḥ) - they went back, they returned

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of prati-gam

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

From root √gam (to go) with prefix prati-.

Prefix: prati

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

अथो (atho) - and then, moreover

(indeclinable)

Often implies sequence or addition.

गृहान् (gṛhān) - homes, houses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

Root: gṛh

Note: Object of the verb 'pratijagmuḥ' (went to).