महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-224, verse-23

एवं ब्रुवन्तं दुःखार्तं किं मां न प्रतिभाषसे ।
कृतवानस्मि हव्याशे नैव शान्तिमितो लभे ॥२३॥

23. evaṁ bruvantaṁ duḥkhārtaṁ kiṁ māṁ na pratibhāṣase ,
kṛtavānasmi havyāśe naiva śāntimito labhe.

23. evaṃ bruvantaṃ duḥkhārtaṃ kim māṃ na pratibhāṣase
kṛtavānasmi havyāśe na eva śāntim itaḥ labhe

23. Why do you not respond to me, who am speaking thus, afflicted by sorrow? O consumer of oblations (Agni), I have made a mistake, and indeed I find no peace (śānti) from this.

Words meanings summery:

• एवं (evaṁ) - thus, in this manner, so

• ब्रुवन्तं (bruvantaṁ) - speaking, saying

• दुःखार्तं (duḥkhārtaṁ) - afflicted by sorrow, distressed

• किम् (kim) - why (why? what?)

• मां (māṁ) - me

• न (na) - not

• प्रतिभाषसे (pratibhāṣase) - you speak in return, you respond

• कृतवानस्मि (kṛtavānasmi) - I have made a mistake. (I have done, I have performed)

• हव्याशे (havyāśe) - Addressed to Agni, the fire god. (O consumer of oblations, O Agni)

• न (na) - not

• एव (eva) - used for emphasis (indeed, just, only)

• शान्तिम् (śāntim) - peace, tranquility, cessation

• इतः (itaḥ) - from this situation or action. (from here, from this)

• लभे (labhe) - I obtain, I find

Words meanings and morphology

एवं (evaṁ) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवन्तं (bruvantaṁ) - speaking, saying

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, saying

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'brū' (to speak) with the present active participle suffix 'śatṛ'

Root: brū (class 2)

दुःखार्तं (duḥkhārtaṁ) - afflicted by sorrow, distressed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - afflicted by sorrow, distressed

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ṛ' (to go, to move) + suffix 'kta' (ppl), prefixed by 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

किम् (kim) - why (why? what?)

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as an interrogative particle here.

मां (māṁ) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

प्रतिभाषसे (pratibhāṣase) - you speak in return, you respond

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pratibhāṣ

Middle voice conjugation of root 'bhāṣ' with upasarga 'prati'

Prefix: prati

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

कृतवानस्मि (kṛtavānasmi) - I have made a mistake. (I have done, I have performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - one who has done/made

Past Active Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, to make) with suffix 'ktavatu'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: This is a periphrastic past tense formation, combining the past active participle `kṛtavān` with the present tense form of `as` (to be), `asmi`.

हव्याशे (havyāśe) - Addressed to Agni, the fire god. (O consumer of oblations, O Agni)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of havyāśin

havyāśin - consumer of oblations, Agni

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (havya+aśin)

• havya – oblation, offering
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'hu' (to offer) with suffix 'yat'
  Root: hu (class 3)
• aśin – eating, consumer
  adjective
  Derived from root 'aś' (to eat) with suffix 'ini'
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: The form 'havyāśe' is vocative singular.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - used for emphasis (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

शान्तिम् (śāntim) - peace, tranquility, cessation

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śānti

śānti - peace, tranquility, cessation, calmness

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Sanskrit term śānti (peace).

इतः (itaḥ) - from this situation or action. (from here, from this)

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative adverbial form.

लभे (labhe) - I obtain, I find

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of labh

Middle voice conjugation of root 'labh'

Root: labh (class 1)