महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-224, verse-2

स तप्यमानः पुत्रार्थे लपितामिदमब्रवीत् ।
कथं न्वशक्ताः प्लवने लपिते मम पुत्रकाः ॥२॥

2. sa tapyamānaḥ putrārthe lapitāmidamabravīt ,
kathaṁ nvaśaktāḥ plavane lapite mama putrakāḥ.

2. sa tapyamānaḥ putrārthe lapitam idam abravīt |
katham nu aśaktāḥ plavane lapite mama putrakāḥ

2. He, grieving for his sons, uttered this lament: "How indeed are my sons unable to swim while I am lamenting?"

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Mandapāla (he, that)

• तप्यमानः (tapyamānaḥ) - grieving, suffering, being afflicted

• पुत्रार्थे (putrārthe) - for the sake of sons, for sons

• लपितम् (lapitam) - lamentation, speech, utterance

• इदम् (idam) - this

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (interrogative particle)

• अशक्ताः (aśaktāḥ) - unable, helpless

• प्लवने (plavane) - in swimming, in floating

• लपिते (lapite) - in lamentation, in the act of lamenting

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• पुत्रकाः (putrakāḥ) - little sons, dear sons

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Mandapāla (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, he, she, it

तप्यमानः (tapyamānaḥ) - grieving, suffering, being afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tap

tap - to heat, to burn, to suffer, to grieve

Root: tap (class 4)

Note: present middle participle (tapyamāna)

पुत्रार्थे (putrārthe) - for the sake of sons, for sons

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of putrārtha

putrārtha - purpose/sake of sons

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+artha)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• artha – sake, purpose, meaning
  noun (masculine)

लपितम् (lapitam) - lamentation, speech, utterance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of lapita

lapita - lamentation, speech, utterance

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

from root lap

Root: lap (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

अशक्ताः (aśaktāḥ) - unable, helpless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśakta

aśakta - unable, helpless, powerless

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+śakta)

• a – not
  indeclinable
• śakta – able, powerful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root śak
  Root: śak (class 5)

प्लवने (plavane) - in swimming, in floating

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of plavana

plavana - swimming, floating, navigating

verbal noun

from root plu

Root: plu (class 1)

लपिते (lapite) - in lamentation, in the act of lamenting

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of lapita

lapita - lamentation, speech, utterance

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

from root lap

Root: lap (class 1)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us

पुत्रकाः (putrakāḥ) - little sons, dear sons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putraka

putraka - little son, dear son