महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-101, verse-27

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एतेन त्वपराधेन शापात्तस्य महात्मनः ।
धर्मो विदुररूपेण शूद्रयोनावजायत ॥२७॥

27. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
etena tvaparādhena śāpāttasya mahātmanaḥ ,
dharmo vidurarūpeṇa śūdrayonāvajāyata.

27. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca etena tu aparādhena śāpāt tasya
mahātmanaḥ dharmaḥ vidura-rūpeṇa śūdra-yonau ajāyata

27. Vaiśampāyana said: Indeed, it was due to this transgression and by the curse of that great soul (mahātman) that natural law (dharma) himself was born in the womb of a śūdra, in the form of Vidura.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• एतेन (etena) - by this (by this, by that)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand, however)

• अपराधेन (aparādhena) - by this transgression (by offense, by transgression, by fault)

• शापात् (śāpāt) - by the curse (from the curse, by the curse)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (of him, of that)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of that great soul (mahātman) (of the great soul, of the magnanimous one)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (personified) (natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue)

• विदुर-रूपेण (vidura-rūpeṇa) - in the form of Vidura

• शूद्र-योनौ (śūdra-yonau) - in the womb of a śūdra (in the womb/origin of a śūdra)

• अजायत (ajāyata) - was born (was born, originated)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṁpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

root vac, perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

एतेन (etena) - by this (by this, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of etat

etat - this, that

Note: Refers to 'aparādhena'.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand, however)

(indeclinable)

अपराधेन (aparādhena) - by this transgression (by offense, by transgression, by fault)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of aparādha

aparādha - offense, transgression, fault, crime

from apa-radh 'to fail, to offend'

Prefix: apa

Root: rādh (class 5)

शापात् (śāpāt) - by the curse (from the curse, by the curse)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śāpa

śāpa - curse, imprecation

from root śap 'to curse'

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Denotes origin or cause.

तस्य (tasya) - of that (of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the source of the curse, the mahātman.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of that great soul (mahātman) (of the great soul, of the magnanimous one)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, noble, magnanimous, the Supreme Soul

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, the individual soul
  noun (masculine)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (personified) (natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature

from root dhṛ 'to hold, support'

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Here, dharma is personified as a deity or entity.

विदुर-रूपेण (vidura-rūpeṇa) - in the form of Vidura

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vidura-rūpa

vidura-rūpa - form of Vidura

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vidura+rūpa)

• vidura – Vidura (name of a character in the Mahābhārata)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, beauty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates the form or manner.

शूद्र-योनौ (śūdra-yonau) - in the womb of a śūdra (in the womb/origin of a śūdra)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śūdra-yoni

śūdra-yoni - womb of a śūdra, origin as a śūdra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śūdra+yoni)

• śūdra – a member of the fourth social class
  noun (masculine)
• yoni – womb, origin, source, birth-place, family
  noun (feminine)

Note: Indicates the place or circumstance of birth.

अजायत (ajāyata) - was born (was born, originated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of jan

imperfect middle

root jan (class 4), imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: jan (class 4)