महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-101, verse-13

शूलस्थः स तु धर्मात्मा कालेन महता ततः ।
निराहारोऽपि विप्रर्षिर्मरणं नाभ्युपागमत् ।
धारयामास च प्राणानृषींश्च समुपानयत् ॥१३॥

13. śūlasthaḥ sa tu dharmātmā kālena mahatā tataḥ ,
nirāhāro'pi viprarṣirmaraṇaṁ nābhyupāgamat ,
dhārayāmāsa ca prāṇānṛṣīṁśca samupānayat.

13. śūlasthaḥ saḥ tu dharmātmā kālena
mahatā tataḥ nirāhāraḥ api viprarṣiḥ
maraṇam na abhyupāgamat dhārayāmāsa
ca prāṇān ṛṣīn ca samupānayat

13. But that righteous soul (dharma), the brahmin sage (ṛṣi), remaining on the stake, did not attain death even after a long time without food. He sustained his life/breath (prāṇa) and also drew other sages (ṛṣi) near.

Words meanings summery:

• शूलस्थः (śūlasthaḥ) - standing on a stake, impaled

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - a righteous soul, one whose nature (ātman) is righteousness (dharma)

• कालेन (kālena) - by time, in time, for a period

• महता (mahatā) - great, long (referring to time)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

• निराहारः (nirāhāraḥ) - without food, fasting

• अपि (api) - even, also, although

• विप्रर्षिः (viprarṣiḥ) - a brahmin sage

• मरणम् (maraṇam) - death

• न (na) - not, no

• अभ्युपागमत् (abhyupāgamat) - he did not approach, did not attain

• धारयामास (dhārayāmāsa) - he sustained, he held

• च (ca) - and

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - breaths, vital airs, life

• ऋषीन् (ṛṣīn) - sages, seers

• च (ca) - and

• समुपानयत् (samupānayat) - he brought near, he caused to approach

Words meanings and morphology

शूलस्थः (śūlasthaḥ) - standing on a stake, impaled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūlastha

śūlastha - standing on a stake, impaled

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śūla+stha)

• śūla – stake, pike
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, abiding, situated
  adjective
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - a righteous soul, one whose nature (ātman) is righteousness (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous soul, one of righteous nature

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, constitution, duty
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, nature
  noun (masculine)

कालेन (kālena) - by time, in time, for a period

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period

महता (mahatā) - great, long (referring to time)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

(indeclinable)

निराहारः (nirāhāraḥ) - without food, fasting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirāhāra

nirāhāra - without food, fasting

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+āhāra)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
• āhāra – food, taking, eating
  noun (masculine)
  from root hṛ (to seize, carry) with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

अपि (api) - even, also, although

(indeclinable)

विप्रर्षिः (viprarṣiḥ) - a brahmin sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viprarṣi

viprarṣi - brahmin sage (ṛṣi)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vipra+ṛṣi)

• vipra – brahmin, learned, inspired
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

मरणम् (maraṇam) - death

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying

Root: mṛ (class 6)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अभ्युपागमत् (abhyupāgamat) - he did not approach, did not attain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhyupa-gam

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, root gam with prefixes abhi, upa, ā

Prefixes: abhi+upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

धारयामास (dhārayāmāsa) - he sustained, he held

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of dhārayāṃcakre

Periphrastic Perfect Active (Causative)

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, from the causative stem dhāraya, formed with auxiliary verb ās

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Periphrastic perfect using the auxiliary root 'ās'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - breaths, vital airs, life

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, vital air, life force

ऋषीन् (ṛṣīn) - sages, seers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

समुपानयत् (samupānayat) - he brought near, he caused to approach

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of sam-upa-ā-nī

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, from the causative stem, root nī with prefixes sam, upa, ā

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Causative form, meaning 'he caused to approach' or 'he brought near'.