महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-101, verse-15

ते रात्रौ शकुना भूत्वा संन्यवर्तन्त सर्वतः ।
दर्शयन्तो यथाशक्ति तमपृच्छन्द्विजोत्तमम् ।
श्रोतुमिच्छामहे ब्रह्मन्किं पापं कृतवानसि ॥१५॥

15. te rātrau śakunā bhūtvā saṁnyavartanta sarvataḥ ,
darśayanto yathāśakti tamapṛcchandvijottamam ,
śrotumicchāmahe brahmankiṁ pāpaṁ kṛtavānasi.

15. te rātrau śakunā bhūtvā saṃnyavartanta
sarvataḥ darśayantaḥ yathāśakti
tam apṛcchan dvijottamam śrotum
icchāmahe brahman kim pāpam kṛtavān asi

15. Having transformed into birds during the night, they gathered from all directions. Manifesting themselves as best they could, they asked that best of Brahmins (dvijottamam), 'O Brahmin (brahman), what sin (pāpam) have you committed? We wish to hear.'

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they

• रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

• शकुना (śakunā) - having become birds (as birds)

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become, having been

• संन्यवर्तन्त (saṁnyavartanta) - they turned back, they gathered, they assembled

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

• दर्शयन्तः (darśayantaḥ) - showing, displaying, manifesting

• यथाशक्ति (yathāśakti) - according to power, as much as possible

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• अपृच्छन् (apṛcchan) - they asked

• द्विजोत्तमम् (dvijottamam) - the best of the twice-born, the best Brahmin

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear

• इच्छामहे (icchāmahe) - we wish, we desire

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin

• किम् (kim) - what

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil deed

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - having done, who has done

• असि (asi) - you are

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

शकुना (śakunā) - having become birds (as birds)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śakuna

śakuna - bird, omen

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become, having been

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root √bhū with the suffix -tvā, indicating a completed action prior to the main verb.

Root: bhū (class 1)

संन्यवर्तन्त (saṁnyavartanta) - they turned back, they gathered, they assembled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

(indeclinable)

दर्शयन्तः (darśayantaḥ) - showing, displaying, manifesting

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of darśayat

darśayat - showing, causing to see, manifesting

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Derived from the causative stem 'darśaya-' (from √dṛś 'to see') with the suffix -at.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

यथाशक्ति (yathāśakti) - according to power, as much as possible

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+śakti)

• yathā – as, according to, in which manner
  indeclinable
• śakti – power, ability, capacity, energy (śakti)
  noun (feminine)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

अपृच्छन् (apṛcchan) - they asked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of prach

Root: prach (class 6)

द्विजोत्तमम् (dvijottamam) - the best of the twice-born, the best Brahmin

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvijottama

dvijottama - best of the twice-born, excellent Brahmin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)

• dvija – twice-born (a Brahmin, Kshatriya, or Vaishya), Brahmin, bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed from the root √śru with the suffix -tum.

Root: śru (class 5)

इच्छामहे (icchāmahe) - we wish, we desire

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin (a member of the priestly class), one who knows brahman

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Acts as the object of 'kṛtavān'.

पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil deed

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, wicked, sin, misfortune

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - having done, who has done

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - having done, performed, made

Past Active Participle

Formed from the root √kṛ (to do, to make) with the suffix -vat.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)