महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-101, verse-22

स गत्वा सदनं विप्रो धर्मस्य परमार्थवित् ।
आसनस्थं ततो धर्मं दृष्ट्वोपालभत प्रभुः ॥२२॥

22. sa gatvā sadanaṁ vipro dharmasya paramārthavit ,
āsanasthaṁ tato dharmaṁ dṛṣṭvopālabhata prabhuḥ.

22. sa gatvā sadanaṃ vipraḥ dharmasya paramārthavit
āsanasthaṃ tataḥ dharmaṃ dṛṣṭvā upālabhata prabhuḥ

22. That brahmin (vipra), who was deeply knowledgeable in the ultimate truth (paramārtha) of natural law (dharma), went to the abode of Yama (dharma). There, seeing Yama (dharma) seated, the powerful sage (Māṇḍavya) reproached him.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that one

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• सदनम् (sadanam) - abode, dwelling, house

• विप्रः (vipraḥ) - brahmin, sage, inspired person

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of Yama (the god of Dharma) (of natural law, of righteousness, of duty)

• परमार्थवित् (paramārthavit) - one who knows the ultimate truth, knowledgeable in supreme reality

• आसनस्थम् (āsanastham) - seated, sitting on a seat

• ततः (tataḥ) - thence, therefore, then

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - Yama, the god of Dharma (Yama (the god of natural law), natural law, duty)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• उपालभत (upālabhata) - he reproached, he blamed, he found fault with

• प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the powerful sage (Māṇḍavya) (lord, master, powerful one)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sage Māṇḍavya.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Absolutive form of the root gam.

Root: gam (class 1)

सदनम् (sadanam) - abode, dwelling, house

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sadana

sadana - dwelling, abode, house, seat

Derived from root sad (to sit, to dwell).

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Object of 'gatvā'.

विप्रः (vipraḥ) - brahmin, sage, inspired person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - brahmin, sage, inspired, learned, priest

From root vip (to tremble, to be inspired).

Root: vip

Note: Subject of the sentence, referring to Aṇīmāṇḍavya.

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of Yama (the god of Dharma) (of natural law, of righteousness, of duty)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, constitution, justice, Yama (god of Dharma)

From root dhṛ (to hold, to support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Here, likely referring to the realm or principles governed by Yama, the god of Dharma.

परमार्थवित् (paramārthavit) - one who knows the ultimate truth, knowledgeable in supreme reality

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramārthavit

paramārthavit - knower of the ultimate truth, one who discerns the supreme meaning

Compound ending in 'vit' (from root vid, to know).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paramārtha+vid)

• paramārtha – ultimate truth, highest meaning, supreme good, spiritual reality
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knowing, one who knows, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/suffix derived from root vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'vipraḥ'.

आसनस्थम् (āsanastham) - seated, sitting on a seat

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āsanastha

āsanastha - seated, sitting, being on a seat or throne

Compound formed from āsana (seat) and stha (standing, being in).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āsana+stha)

• āsana – seat, sitting, posture
  noun (neuter)
  From root ās (to sit).
  Root: ās (class 2)
• stha – standing, staying, being in/on
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent suffix from root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'dharmaṃ'.

ततः (tataḥ) - thence, therefore, then

(indeclinable)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - Yama, the god of Dharma (Yama (the god of natural law), natural law, duty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, constitution, justice, Yama (god of Dharma)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā', referring to Yama.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Absolutive form of the root dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

उपालभत (upālabhata) - he reproached, he blamed, he found fault with

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of upalab

Past Tense (Imperfect)

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada). Formed from root labh (to obtain, to seize) with upasarga upa (near, towards).

Prefix: upa

Root: labh (class 1)

प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the powerful sage (Māṇḍavya) (lord, master, powerful one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, sovereign, powerful, eminent

From root bhū (to be, to become) with upasarga pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'upālabhata', referring to the sage Aṇīmāṇḍavya.