महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-101, verse-11

तं राजा सह तैश्चोरैरन्वशाद्वध्यतामिति ।
स वध्यघातैरज्ञातः शूले प्रोतो महातपाः ॥११॥

11. taṁ rājā saha taiścorairanvaśādvadhyatāmiti ,
sa vadhyaghātairajñātaḥ śūle proto mahātapāḥ.

11. tam rājā saha taiḥ coraiḥ anvaśāt vadhyatām iti
saḥ vadhyaghātaiḥ ajñātaḥ śūle protaḥ mahātapāḥ

11. The king ordered him to be executed along with those thieves. He, the great ascetic (tapas), unrecognized by the executioners, was impaled on a stake.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• सह (saha) - with, along with

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those, with those

• चोरैः (coraiḥ) - by thieves, with thieves

• अन्वशात् (anvaśāt) - ordered, commanded

• वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - let him be killed, may he be executed

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying, indicating direct speech

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• वध्यघातैः (vadhyaghātaiḥ) - by the executioners

• अज्ञातः (ajñātaḥ) - unknown, unrecognized

• शूले (śūle) - on a stake, on a pike

• प्रोतः (protaḥ) - impaled, pierced, strung

• महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - a great ascetic, one with great austerity

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

सह (saha) - with, along with

(indeclinable)

तैः (taiḥ) - by those, with those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

चोरैः (coraiḥ) - by thieves, with thieves

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of cora

cora - thief, robber

अन्वशात् (anvaśāt) - ordered, commanded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of anu-śās

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, root śās, with upasarga anu

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)

वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - let him be killed, may he be executed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of vadhya

Imperative Passive

3rd person singular, Ātmanepada, root vadh, from han (to strike, kill), passive formation

Root: han (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so saying, indicating direct speech

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वध्यघातैः (vadhyaghātaiḥ) - by the executioners

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vadhyaghāta

vadhyaghāta - executioner, killer of those to be executed

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vadhya+ghāta)

• vadhya – to be killed, killable
  adjective
  Gerundive
  from root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• ghāta – killer, striker, act of killing
  noun (masculine)
  from root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

अज्ञातः (ajñātaḥ) - unknown, unrecognized

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajñāta

ajñāta - unknown, unrecognized

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Negative prefix 'a-' + past passive participle of root jñā (to know)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• jñāta – known, understood
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

शूले (śūle) - on a stake, on a pike

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śūla

śūla - stake, spit, pike, spear

प्रोतः (protaḥ) - impaled, pierced, strung

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prota

prota - pierced, impaled, strung together

Past Passive Participle

from root ve (to weave, to pierce) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: ve (class 2)

महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - a great ascetic, one with great austerity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - great ascetic, one possessing great austerity (tapas)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• tapas – austerity, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)