योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-74, verse-18

स्वयमेष मनस्तेन मनो नास्योपयुज्यते ।
आत्मैव भोक्तृतामेति किल कस्य कथं कुतः ॥ १८ ॥

svayameṣa manastena mano nāsyopayujyate ,
ātmaiva bhoktṛtāmeti kila kasya kathaṃ kutaḥ 18

18. svayam eṣaḥ manaḥ tena manaḥ na asya upayujyate
ātmā eva bhoktṛtām eti kila kasya katham kutaḥ

18. eṣaḥ svayam manaḥ tena asya manaḥ na upayujyate
ātmā eva bhoktṛtām eti kila kasya katham kutaḥ

18. This (supreme entity) is itself the mind; therefore, no mind is employed by it (as a separate instrument). But for whom does the self (ātman) alone attain the state of enjoyer? How? And from what source (does this occur)?

Words meanings summery:

• स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, by oneself, spontaneously

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine)

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, thought

• तेन (tena) - by that, with that, therefore, on account of that

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, thought

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्य (asya) - of this, its

• उपयुज्यते (upayujyate) - is used, is employed, is put to use

• आत्मा (ātmā) - the individual soul or the supreme Self (the self, the soul, the essence)

• एव (eva) - only, alone, indeed, merely

• भोक्तृताम् (bhoktṛtām) - the state of being an enjoyer, enjoyership

• एति (eti) - goes, attains, reaches

• किल (kila) - indeed, surely, what then?

• कस्य (kasya) - of whom?

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where? why?

Words meanings and morphology

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, by oneself, spontaneously

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etas

etas - this (near)

Note: Refers to the supreme entity or consciousness being described.

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, thought

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, consciousness

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of the first clause, predicate to eṣaḥ.

तेन (tena) - by that, with that, therefore, on account of that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Used adverbially meaning 'therefore' or 'by that reason'.

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, thought

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, consciousness

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of the second clause: 'no mind is used'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of this, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers back to 'eṣaḥ', the supreme entity.

उपयुज्यते (upayujyate) - is used, is employed, is put to use

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of upayuj

Present Passive

Present indicative, 3rd person singular, passive voice, from root 'yuj' with prefix 'upa'

Prefix: upa

Root: yuj (class 7)

आत्मा (ātmā) - the individual soul or the supreme Self (the self, the soul, the essence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, essence, individual soul, supreme Self

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Subject of the verb 'eti'.

एव (eva) - only, alone, indeed, merely

(indeclinable)

भोक्तृताम् (bhoktṛtām) - the state of being an enjoyer, enjoyership

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhoktṛtā

bhoktṛtā - state of being an enjoyer, enjoyership, experiencership

Derived from bhoktṛ (enjoyer) + tā (suffix for abstract noun)

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Object of the verb 'eti'.

एति (eti) - goes, attains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i

Present Active

Present indicative, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: i (class 2)

किल (kila) - indeed, surely, what then?

(indeclinable)

कस्य (kasya) - of whom?

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what? who? which?

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where? why?

(indeclinable)