योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-157, verse-20

वर्तमाने भवे भव्यगुणैर्मुक्ता तु मानद ।
केवला राजसी प्रोक्ता जातिः स्वल्पभवे भवेत् ॥ २० ॥

vartamāne bhave bhavyaguṇairmuktā tu mānada ,
kevalā rājasī proktā jātiḥ svalpabhave bhavet 20

20. vartamāne bhave bhavyaguṇaiḥ muktā tu mānada
kevalā rājasī proktā jātiḥ svalpabhave bhavet

20. mānada tu,
vartamāne bhave bhavyaguṇaiḥ muktā jātiḥ kevalā rājasī proktā; (sā) svalpabhave bhavet.

20. O giver of honor, a class of being (jāti) that is indeed devoid of excellent qualities (guṇa) in the current existence is declared to be purely *rājasika* (characterized by passion); it would manifest in a short existence.

Words meanings summery:

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - in the present, existing, current

• भवे (bhave) - in existence, in birth, in the world

• भव्यगुणैः (bhavyaguṇaiḥ) - by excellent qualities, by auspicious virtues

• मुक्ता (muktā) - released from, free from, devoid of

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• मानद (mānada) - O giver of honor, O esteemed one

• केवला (kevalā) - purely, solely, exclusively

• राजसी (rājasī) - characterized by passion (relating to rajas, passionate, active)

• प्रोक्ता (proktā) - declared, said, stated

• जातिः (jātiḥ) - birth, species, class, nature, kind

• स्वल्पभवे (svalpabhave) - in a short existence, in few births

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, would be, should be, exists

Words meanings and morphology

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - in the present, existing, current

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - present, existing, current

Present Active Participle

From verb vṛt (to be, exist) + śānac suffix.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'bhave'.

भवे (bhave) - in existence, in birth, in the world

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhava

bhava - being, existence, birth, world, state

From root bhū (to be, exist) + suffix a.

Root: bhū (class 1)

भव्यगुणैः (bhavyaguṇaiḥ) - by excellent qualities, by auspicious virtues

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhavyaguṇa

bhavyaguṇa - excellent quality, auspicious virtue

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'bhavya' and 'guṇa'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhavya+guṇa)

• bhavya – excellent, good, auspicious, future
  adjective
  Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be) + yat suffix.
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• guṇa – quality, attribute, virtue, strand (of prakṛti)
  noun (masculine)

मुक्ता (muktā) - released from, free from, devoid of

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mukta

mukta - released, liberated, free, devoid of

Past Passive Participle

From root muc (to release) + kta suffix.

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: In contrast to 'yuktā' in verse 34235.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

मानद (mānada) - O giver of honor, O esteemed one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mānada

mānada - giver of honor, bestower of respect

Tatpuruṣa compound māna (honor) + da (giver, from root dā to give).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (māna+da)

• māna – honor, respect, pride, measure
  noun (masculine)
  From root mā (to measure, compare).
  Root: mā (class 2)
• da – giving, giver, bestowing
  suffix/adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun suffix ḍa from root dā.
  Root: dā (class 3)

केवला (kevalā) - purely, solely, exclusively

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kevala

kevala - alone, sole, exclusive, pure, simple

Note: Modifies 'rājasī jātiḥ'.

राजसी (rājasī) - characterized by passion (relating to rajas, passionate, active)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rājasa

rājasa - relating to rajas, passionate, active, characterized by passion

From rajas (passion, activity, one of the three guṇas) + aṇ suffix.

Note: Modifies 'jātiḥ'.

प्रोक्ता (proktā) - declared, said, stated

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prokta

prokta - said, declared, stated, spoken

Past Passive Participle

From pra (prefix) + root vac (to speak) + kta suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Functions as a finite verb in combination with an implied 'is'.

जातिः (jātiḥ) - birth, species, class, nature, kind

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jāti

jāti - birth, species, class, family, lineage, nature, inherent quality, type

From root jan (to be born) + kti suffix.

Root: jan (class 4)

स्वल्पभवे (svalpabhave) - in a short existence, in few births

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of svalpabhava

svalpabhava - short existence, few births

Karmadhāraya compound 'svalpa' (small/few) + 'bhava' (existence).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (svalpa+bhava)

• svalpa – small, little, few
  adjective (masculine)
  Formed from su (good) + alpa (little).
• bhava – being, existence, birth, world, state
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhū (to be, exist) + suffix a.
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Context for 'bhavet'.

भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, would be, should be, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative Mood

Root bhū, 3rd person singular, optative.

Root: bhū (class 1)

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