योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-33, verse-4

गुणवान्निर्गुणो जात इत्यनर्थक्रमं विदुः ।
निर्गुणो गुणवाञ्जात इत्याहुः सिद्धिदं क्रमम् ॥ ४ ॥

guṇavānnirguṇo jāta ityanarthakramaṃ viduḥ ,
nirguṇo guṇavāñjāta ityāhuḥ siddhidaṃ kramam 4

4. guṇavān nirguṇaḥ jātaḥ iti anarthakramam viduḥ |
nirguṇaḥ guṇavān jātaḥ iti āhuḥ siddhidam kramam || 4 ||

4. 'guṇavān nirguṇaḥ jātaḥ' iti (janāḥ) anarthakramam viduḥ
'nirguṇaḥ guṇavān jātaḥ' iti (janāḥ) siddhidam kramam āhuḥ 4

4. They consider it a progression to misfortune when a virtuous person becomes devoid of virtues. They call it a progression leading to perfection when one devoid of virtues becomes virtuous.

Words meanings summery:

• गुणवान् (guṇavān) - a virtuous person (possessing qualities/virtues, virtuous, excellent)

• निर्गुणः (nirguṇaḥ) - one devoid of virtues (without qualities/virtues, devoid of attributes, vicious)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - having become (born, produced, become)

• इति (iti) - indicating direct speech or thought (thus, so, in this way)

• अनर्थक्रमम् (anarthakramam) - a progression to misfortune (sequence of misfortune, order of evil, undesirable progression)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they (wise people) know (they know, they understand)

• निर्गुणः (nirguṇaḥ) - one devoid of virtues (without qualities/virtues, devoid of attributes, vicious)

• गुणवान् (guṇavān) - a virtuous person (possessing qualities/virtues, virtuous, excellent)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - having become (born, produced, become)

• इति (iti) - indicating direct speech or thought (thus, so, in this way)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they (wise people) call (it) (they say, they call)

• सिद्धिदम् (siddhidam) - leading to perfection (giving perfection, bestowing success, leading to accomplishment)

• क्रमम् (kramam) - a progression (sequence, order, progression)

Words meanings and morphology

गुणवान् (guṇavān) - a virtuous person (possessing qualities/virtues, virtuous, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇavat

guṇavat - possessing qualities, having attributes; endowed with good qualities, virtuous, excellent

Possessive adjective formed from `guṇa` (quality, virtue) with `matUP` suffix. Nominative singular masculine.

Note: Subject of the embedded clause.

निर्गुणः (nirguṇaḥ) - one devoid of virtues (without qualities/virtues, devoid of attributes, vicious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirguṇa

nirguṇa - without qualities, devoid of attributes; vicious, worthless (depending on context of `guṇa`)

Compound of `nis` (without) and `guṇa` (quality, virtue). Nominative singular masculine.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+guṇa)

• nis – out, forth, without, free from
  indeclinable
• guṇa – quality, attribute, virtue, strand (of a rope)
  noun (masculine)

जातः (jātaḥ) - having become (born, produced, become)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, become

Past Passive Participle

From √jan (to be born, to come into being). Nominative singular masculine.

Root: jan (class 4)

इति (iti) - indicating direct speech or thought (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

अनर्थक्रमम् (anarthakramam) - a progression to misfortune (sequence of misfortune, order of evil, undesirable progression)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anarthakrama

anarthakrama - sequence of misfortune, undesirable consequence, harmful order

Compound of `anartha` (misfortune, evil) and `krama` (sequence, order). Accusative singular neuter.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anartha+krama)

• anartha – misfortune, evil, useless, meaningless
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of `an-` (negative prefix) and `artha` (meaning, purpose, wealth).
• krama – step, sequence, order, progression
  noun (masculine)
  From √kram 'to step, go'.
  Root: kram (class 1)

विदुः (viduḥ) - they (wise people) know (they know, they understand)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of √vid

perfect tense (lit)

3rd person plural, active voice. From √vid (to know, class 2, also perfect √vid-).

Root: vid (class 2)

निर्गुणः (nirguṇaḥ) - one devoid of virtues (without qualities/virtues, devoid of attributes, vicious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirguṇa

nirguṇa - without qualities, devoid of attributes; vicious, worthless (depending on context of `guṇa`)

Compound of `nis` (without) and `guṇa` (quality, virtue). Nominative singular masculine.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+guṇa)

• nis – out, forth, without, free from
  indeclinable
• guṇa – quality, attribute, virtue, strand (of a rope)
  noun (masculine)

गुणवान् (guṇavān) - a virtuous person (possessing qualities/virtues, virtuous, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇavat

guṇavat - possessing qualities, having attributes; endowed with good qualities, virtuous, excellent

Possessive adjective formed from `guṇa` (quality, virtue) with `matUP` suffix. Nominative singular masculine.

जातः (jātaḥ) - having become (born, produced, become)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, become

Past Passive Participle

From √jan (to be born, to come into being). Nominative singular masculine.

Root: jan (class 4)

इति (iti) - indicating direct speech or thought (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they (wise people) call (it) (they say, they call)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of √brū

perfect tense (lit)

3rd person plural, active voice. Irregular perfect form, also from √ah or √vac (to speak).

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Synonymous with `viduḥ` in this context.

सिद्धिदम् (siddhidam) - leading to perfection (giving perfection, bestowing success, leading to accomplishment)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of siddhida

siddhida - granting perfection, giving success, leading to accomplishment

Compound of `siddhi` (perfection, success) and `da` (giver, bestowing). Accusative singular neuter.

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (siddhi+da)

• siddhi – perfection, accomplishment, success, supernatural power
  noun (feminine)
  From √sidh 'to accomplish, succeed'.
  Root: sidh (class 1)
• da – giving, bestowing; giver
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  Derived from √dā 'to give'.
  Root: dā (class 3)

क्रमम् (kramam) - a progression (sequence, order, progression)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of krama

krama - step, sequence, order, progression, method

From √kram (to step, go).

Root: kram (class 1)

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