योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-8, verse-27

मद्रराजतनुं चारुं तपोवासनया सह ।
तत्याज तेन जातोऽसौ तपस्वी तापसात्मजः ॥ २७ ॥

madrarājatanuṃ cāruṃ tapovāsanayā saha ,
tatyāja tena jāto'sau tapasvī tāpasātmajaḥ 27

27. madra-rāja-tanum cārum tapo-vāsanayā saha
tatyāja tena jātaḥ asau tapasvī tāpasātmajaḥ

27. (saḥ) tapo-vāsanayā saha cārum madra-rāja-tanum tatyāja.
tena asau tapasvī tāpasātmajaḥ jātaḥ.

27. Due to his inclination towards asceticism (tapas), he abandoned his beautiful body as the king of Madra. Because of that (action), he was born as an ascetic, the son of an ascetic.

Words meanings summery:

• मद्र-राज-तनुम् (madra-rāja-tanum) - the body of the Madra king

• चारुम् (cārum) - beautiful, lovely, charming

• तपो-वासनया (tapo-vāsanayā) - due to his inclination for asceticism (tapas) (by the inclination for asceticism, by the impression of asceticism)

• सह (saha) - with, along with, together with

• तत्याज (tatyāja) - he abandoned, he gave up, he renounced

• तेन (tena) - therefore, due to that (action of abandonment) (by that, by him, therefore)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - he was born (born, produced, become)

• असौ (asau) - he (referring to the king in his next birth) (that (person/thing), he, she, it)

• तपस्वी (tapasvī) - an ascetic, one who practices penance

• तापसात्मजः (tāpasātmajaḥ) - son of an ascetic, born from an ascetic

Words meanings and morphology

मद्र-राज-तनुम् (madra-rāja-tanum) - the body of the Madra king

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of madra-rāja-tanu

madra-rāja-tanu - the body of the king of Madra

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (madra+rājan+tanu)

• madra – name of a country
  proper noun (neuter)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• tanu – body, person, form
  noun (feminine)
  From root `tan` (to stretch)
  Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Object of `tatyāja`.

चारुम् (cārum) - beautiful, lovely, charming

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of cāru

cāru - beautiful, lovely, charming, agreeable

From root `car` (to move) or `cur` (to please)

Root: car/cur (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `tanum`.

तपो-वासनया (tapo-vāsanayā) - due to his inclination for asceticism (tapas) (by the inclination for asceticism, by the impression of asceticism)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tapas-vāsanā

tapas-vāsanā - impression or inclination for asceticism (tapas)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (tapas+vāsanā)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, austerity; heat, inner fire (tapas)
  noun (neuter)
  From root `tap` (to heat, to burn)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• vāsanā – impression, inclination, latent tendency, perfume
  noun (feminine)
  From root `vas` (to dwell, to perfume)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Used to denote cause or accompaniment.

सह (saha) - with, along with, together with

(indeclinable)

Root: sah (class 1)

तत्याज (tatyāja) - he abandoned, he gave up, he renounced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of tyaj

Perfect (Lit)

3rd person singular, perfect active.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Implied subject (the king from the previous verse).

तेन (tena) - therefore, due to that (action of abandonment) (by that, by him, therefore)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Used adverbially to indicate cause.

जातः (jātaḥ) - he was born (born, produced, become)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, occurred, become

Past Passive Participle

From root `jan` (to be born, to produce)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective for `asau`.

असौ (asau) - he (referring to the king in his next birth) (that (person/thing), he, she, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, this, yonder; he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of `jātaḥ`.

तपस्वी (tapasvī) - an ascetic, one who practices penance

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapasvin

tapasvin - an ascetic, hermit; practicing penance (tapas)

Possessive suffix `vin` added to `tapas`.

Note: Predicate nominative for `asau`.

तापसात्मजः (tāpasātmajaḥ) - son of an ascetic, born from an ascetic

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāpasa-ātmaja

tāpasa-ātmaja - son of an ascetic

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (tāpasa+ātmaja)

• tāpasa – relating to asceticism; an ascetic, hermit
  noun (masculine)
  From `tapas` (asceticism) + `a` suffix
  Root: tap (class 1)
• ātmaja – born from oneself, one's own son/daughter (ātman-born)
  noun (masculine)
  From `ātman` (self) + `ja` (born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative for `asau`.