योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-77, verse-21

अपश्यतः स्वमात्मानं मृतिर्मूढस्य जीवितम् ।
मरणेनोदयोऽस्यास्ति पापासंपत्तिहेतुतः ॥ २१ ॥

apaśyataḥ svamātmānaṃ mṛtirmūḍhasya jīvitam ,
maraṇenodayo'syāsti pāpāsaṃpattihetutaḥ 21

21. apaśyataḥ svam ātmānam mṛtiḥ mūḍhasya jīvitam |
maraṇena udayaḥ asya asti pāpāsaṃpattihetutaḥ ||

21. svam ātmānam apaśyataḥ mūḍhasya jīvitam mṛtiḥ (asti)
asya maraṇena udayaḥ asti pāpāsaṃpattihetutaḥ

21. For a foolish person who does not perceive their own true self (ātman), their 'life' is akin to death. Indeed, for such a one, there is a rise (or benefit) through death, because it prevents the further accumulation of sins.

21. עבור כסיל שאינו רואה את העצמי שלו, החיים אינם אלא מוות. במותו יש ברכה, שכן הוא חדל מלצבור חטאים.

Words meanings summery:

• अपश्यतः (apaśyataḥ) - of one who does not see, of one who does not perceive

• स्वम् (svam) - one's own, his own

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - one's own true self (ātman) (the self, the soul, the essence)

• मृतिः (mṛtiḥ) - death, dying

• मूढस्य (mūḍhasya) - of a fool, of an ignorant person

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living

• मरणेन (maraṇena) - by death, through death

• उदयः (udayaḥ) - rise, ascent, prosperity, emergence

• अस्य (asya) - of this one, to this one

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• पापासंपत्तिहेतुतः (pāpāsaṁpattihetutaḥ) - due to the cause of non-accumulation of sin, on account of preventing sin

Words meanings and morphology

अपश्यतः (apaśyataḥ) - of one who does not see, of one who does not perceive

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of apaśyat

apaśyat - not seeing, not perceiving

Present Active Participle

from √dṛś with a- (negation) and prefix (implied 'a')

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+paśyat)

• a – not, negation
  indeclinable
• paśyat – seeing, perceiving
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  from √dṛś (irregular root for present stem)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

स्वम् (svam) - one's own, his own

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sva

sva - own, one's own

Note: Modifies 'ātman'.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - one's own true self (ātman) (the self, the soul, the essence)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

मृतिः (mṛtiḥ) - death, dying

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mṛti

mṛti - death, dying

from √mṛ

Root: mṛ (class 1)

मूढस्य (mūḍhasya) - of a fool, of an ignorant person

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, ignorant, deluded, a fool

Past Passive Participle

from √muh

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Functions as a noun here.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, livelihood

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

from √jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

मरणेन (maraṇena) - by death, through death

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying

from √mṛ

Root: mṛ (class 1)

उदयः (udayaḥ) - rise, ascent, prosperity, emergence

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udaya

udaya - rise, ascent, prosperity, emergence

from √i with ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

अस्य (asya) - of this one, to this one

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active indicative

Root: as (class 2)

पापासंपत्तिहेतुतः (pāpāsaṁpattihetutaḥ) - due to the cause of non-accumulation of sin, on account of preventing sin

(indeclinable)

compound ending in 'hetu', followed by the ablative suffix -taḥ

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (pāpa+asaṃpatti+hetu)

• pāpa – sin, evil
  noun (neuter)
• asaṃpatti – non-attainment, non-acquisition, failure
  noun (feminine)
  compound of 'a' (negation) and 'saṃpatti'
• hetu – cause, reason
  noun (masculine)

Note: The suffix `-taḥ` indicates an ablative sense, functioning adverbially 'due to'.

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