योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-77, verse-21

अपश्यतः स्वमात्मानं मृतिर्मूढस्य जीवितम् ।
मरणेनोदयोऽस्यास्ति पापासंपत्तिहेतुतः ॥ २१ ॥

apaśyataḥ svamātmānaṃ mṛtirmūḍhasya jīvitam ,
maraṇenodayo'syāsti pāpāsaṃpattihetutaḥ 21

21. apaśyataḥ svam ātmānam mṛtiḥ mūḍhasya jīvitam |
maraṇena udayaḥ asya asti pāpāsaṃpattihetutaḥ ||

21. svam ātmānam apaśyataḥ mūḍhasya jīvitam mṛtiḥ (asti)
asya maraṇena udayaḥ asti pāpāsaṃpattihetutaḥ

21. For a foolish person who does not perceive their own true self (ātman), their 'life' is akin to death. Indeed, for such a one, there is a rise (or benefit) through death, because it prevents the further accumulation of sins.

Words meanings summery:

• अपश्यतः (apaśyataḥ) - of one who does not see, of one who does not perceive

• स्वम् (svam) - one's own, his own

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - one's own true self (ātman) (the self, the soul, the essence)

• मृतिः (mṛtiḥ) - death, dying

• मूढस्य (mūḍhasya) - of a fool, of an ignorant person

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living

• मरणेन (maraṇena) - by death, through death

• उदयः (udayaḥ) - rise, ascent, prosperity, emergence

• अस्य (asya) - of this one, to this one

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• पापासंपत्तिहेतुतः (pāpāsaṁpattihetutaḥ) - due to the cause of non-accumulation of sin, on account of preventing sin

Words meanings and morphology

अपश्यतः (apaśyataḥ) - of one who does not see, of one who does not perceive

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of apaśyat

apaśyat - not seeing, not perceiving

Present Active Participle

from √dṛś with a- (negation) and prefix (implied 'a')

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+paśyat)

• a – not, negation
  indeclinable
• paśyat – seeing, perceiving
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  from √dṛś (irregular root for present stem)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

स्वम् (svam) - one's own, his own

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sva

sva - own, one's own

Note: Modifies 'ātman'.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - one's own true self (ātman) (the self, the soul, the essence)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

मृतिः (mṛtiḥ) - death, dying

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mṛti

mṛti - death, dying

from √mṛ

Root: mṛ (class 1)

मूढस्य (mūḍhasya) - of a fool, of an ignorant person

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, ignorant, deluded, a fool

Past Passive Participle

from √muh

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Functions as a noun here.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, livelihood

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

from √jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

मरणेन (maraṇena) - by death, through death

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying

from √mṛ

Root: mṛ (class 1)

उदयः (udayaḥ) - rise, ascent, prosperity, emergence

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udaya

udaya - rise, ascent, prosperity, emergence

from √i with ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

अस्य (asya) - of this one, to this one

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active indicative

Root: as (class 2)

पापासंपत्तिहेतुतः (pāpāsaṁpattihetutaḥ) - due to the cause of non-accumulation of sin, on account of preventing sin

(indeclinable)

compound ending in 'hetu', followed by the ablative suffix -taḥ

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (pāpa+asaṃpatti+hetu)

• pāpa – sin, evil
  noun (neuter)
• asaṃpatti – non-attainment, non-acquisition, failure
  noun (feminine)
  compound of 'a' (negation) and 'saṃpatti'
• hetu – cause, reason
  noun (masculine)

Note: The suffix `-taḥ` indicates an ablative sense, functioning adverbially 'due to'.