योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-7, verse-5

यदा यदा तु यज्ञेन यजेऽहं विबुधव्रजान् ।
तदा तदा तु मे यज्ञं विनिघ्नन्ति निशाचराः ॥ ५ ॥

yadā yadā tu yajñena yaje'haṃ vibudhavrajān ,
tadā tadā tu me yajñaṃ vinighnanti niśācarāḥ 5

5. yadā yadā tu yajñena yaje aham vibudhavrajān |
tadā tadā tu me yajñam vinighnanti niśācarāḥ ||

5. Whenever I perform a sacred ritual (yajña) for the hosts of gods, then at that very time, the night-prowling rākṣasas (niśācarāḥ) obstruct my ritual (yajña).

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - whenever (when, whenever)

• यदा (yadā) - whenever (when, whenever)

• तु (tu) - indeed (for emphasis) (but, indeed, however, then)

• यज्ञेन (yajñena) - by means of a ritual (yajña) (by means of sacrifice, by means of ritual)

• यजे (yaje) - I perform (a ritual) (I worship, I sacrifice, I perform a ritual)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• विबुधव्रजान् (vibudhavrajān) - the hosts of gods, multitudes of wise ones

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• तदा (tadā) - at that very time (then, at that time)

• तु (tu) - indeed (for emphasis) (but, indeed, however, then)

• मे (me) - my (my, of me, to me)

• यज्ञम् (yajñam) - ritual (yajña) (sacrifice, ritual)

• विनिघ्नन्ति (vinighnanti) - they obstruct (they obstruct, they destroy, they kill)

• निशाचराः (niśācarāḥ) - night-prowling rākṣasas (night-prowlers, rākṣasas, demons)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - whenever (when, whenever)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for emphasis 'whenever'.

यदा (yadā) - whenever (when, whenever)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for emphasis 'whenever'.

तु (tu) - indeed (for emphasis) (but, indeed, however, then)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a particle for emphasis or transition.

यज्ञेन (yajñena) - by means of a ritual (yajña) (by means of sacrifice, by means of ritual)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - sacrifice, ritual, worship

From root yaj 'to sacrifice, worship'.

Root: yaj (class 1)

यजे (yaje) - I perform (a ritual) (I worship, I sacrifice, I perform a ritual)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of yaj

Present Middle First Person Singular

From root yaj (class 1).

Root: yaj (class 1)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

विबुधव्रजान् (vibudhavrajān) - the hosts of gods, multitudes of wise ones

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vibudhavraja

vibudhavraja - hosts of gods, multitudes of wise ones

Tatpuruṣa compound of vibudha (god, wise) + vraja (multitude, host).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vibudha+vraja)

• vibudha – god, wise, learned
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-budh 'to awaken, perceive'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: budh (class 1)
• vraja – herd, flock, multitude, host
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vraj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'yaje'.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for emphasis 'at that very time'.

तदा (tadā) - at that very time (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for emphasis 'at that very time'.

तु (tu) - indeed (for emphasis) (but, indeed, however, then)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a particle for emphasis or transition.

मे (me) - my (my, of me, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form of asmad.

यज्ञम् (yajñam) - ritual (yajña) (sacrifice, ritual)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - sacrifice, ritual, worship

From root yaj 'to sacrifice, worship'.

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vinighnanti'.

विनिघ्नन्ति (vinighnanti) - they obstruct (they obstruct, they destroy, they kill)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of han

Present Active Third Person Plural

From root han (class 2) with upasarga vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: han (class 2)

निशाचराः (niśācarāḥ) - night-prowling rākṣasas (night-prowlers, rākṣasas, demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niśācara

niśācara - night-prowler, rākṣasa, demon

Compound of niśā (night) + cara (mover) in a tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – mover, wanderer
  noun (masculine)
  From root car 'to move'.
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vinighnanti'.