योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-7, verse-4

अहं धर्मं समातिष्ठे सिद्धयर्थं पुरुषर्षभ ।
तस्य विघ्नकरा घोरा राक्षसा मम संस्थिताः ॥ ४ ॥

ahaṃ dharmaṃ samātiṣṭhe siddhayarthaṃ puruṣarṣabha ,
tasya vighnakarā ghorā rākṣasā mama saṃsthitāḥ 4

4. aham dharmam samātiṣṭhe siddhyartham puruṣarṣabha |
tasya vighnakarāḥ ghorāḥ rākṣasāḥ mama saṃsthitāḥ ||

4. O best among men (puruṣarṣabha), I am performing this sacred duty (dharma) for its successful completion. However, terrible rākṣasas are stationed here to obstruct it.

Words meanings summery:

• अहम् (aham) - I

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - sacred duty, ritual observance (constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, sacred law, ritual)

• समातिष्ठे (samātiṣṭhe) - I undertake (this ritual) (I undertake, I perform, I stand firm)

• सिद्ध्यर्थम् (siddhyartham) - for its successful completion (for the purpose of success, for accomplishment)

• पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best among men, O foremost of men

• तस्य (tasya) - its (referring to the sacred duty/ritual) (its, of it, his, of him)

• विघ्नकराः (vighnakarāḥ) - obstructors, impediments

• घोराः (ghorāḥ) - terrible, dreadful, fierce

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - demons, evil spirits, rākṣasas

• मम (mama) - for me (meaning 'against me' or 'pertaining to my ritual') (my, of me)

• संस्थिताः (saṁsthitāḥ) - are stationed (here) (stationed, placed, present)

Words meanings and morphology

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

धर्मम् (dharmam) - sacred duty, ritual observance (constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, sacred law, ritual)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, sacred law, ritual

Derived from the root dhṛ 'to uphold, sustain'.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

समातिष्ठे (samātiṣṭhe) - I undertake (this ritual) (I undertake, I perform, I stand firm)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sthā

Present Middle First Person Singular

Derived from root sthā (class 1) with upasargas sam and ā.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

सिद्ध्यर्थम् (siddhyartham) - for its successful completion (for the purpose of success, for accomplishment)

(indeclinable)

Formed by siddhi (success) + artha (purpose) in a tatpuruṣa compound, functions as an adverb.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (siddhi+artha)

• siddhi – success, accomplishment, attainment
  noun (feminine)
  Root: sidh (class 4)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, goal
  noun (masculine)

Note: Often functions as an adverb meaning 'for the sake of'.

पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best among men, O foremost of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - best among men, foremost of men

Tatpuruṣa compound of puruṣa (man) + ṛṣabha (bull, best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, foremost
  noun (masculine)

तस्य (tasya) - its (referring to the sacred duty/ritual) (its, of it, his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Can be masculine or neuter genitive singular. Here, referring to 'dharmam' (masculine).

विघ्नकराः (vighnakarāḥ) - obstructors, impediments

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vighnakara

vighnakara - causing obstruction, impeding

Formed from vighna (obstacle) + kara (doer, maker) in a tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vighna+kara)

• vighna – obstacle, impediment
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-han.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: han (class 2)
• kara – maker, doer, hand, ray
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṛ 'to do'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasāḥ'.

घोराः (ghorāḥ) - terrible, dreadful, fierce

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fierce

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasāḥ'.

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - demons, evil spirits, rākṣasas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, evil spirit, rākṣasa

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

मम (mama) - for me (meaning 'against me' or 'pertaining to my ritual') (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

संस्थिताः (saṁsthitāḥ) - are stationed (here) (stationed, placed, present)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃsthita

saṁsthita - stationed, placed, present, established

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā 'to stand' with upasarga sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasāḥ'. Implies 'they are stationed'.