वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-20, verse-22

येन लोकास्त्रयः सेन्द्राः क्लिश्यन्ते सचराचराः ।
क्षीणे चायुषि धर्मे च स कालो हिंस्यते कथम् ॥२२॥

22. yena lokāstrayaḥ sendrāḥ kliśyante sacarācarāḥ ,
kṣīṇe cāyuṣi dharme ca sa kālo hiṃsyate katham.

22. yena lokāḥ trayaḥ sa-indrāḥ kliśyante sa-carācarāḥ
kṣīṇe ca āyuṣi dharme ca saḥ kālaḥ hiṃsyate katham

22. By whom the three worlds, including Indra and all moving and non-moving beings, are tormented; how can that Time (kāla), when life and natural law (dharma) are depleted, be vanquished?

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - by whom, by which

• लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds, realms, people

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• स-इन्द्राः (sa-indrāḥ) - with Indra, including Indra, accompanied by Indra

• क्लिश्यन्ते (kliśyante) - they are tormented, they suffer

• स-चराचराः (sa-carācarāḥ) - with moving and non-moving beings, including animate and inanimate

• क्षीणे (kṣīṇe) - when depleted, when exhausted, when wasted

• च (ca) - and

• आयुषि (āyuṣi) - in life, in duration of life

• धर्मे (dharme) - in natural law, in righteousness, in constitution

• च (ca) - and

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• कालः (kālaḥ) - Time, death, destiny

• हिंस्यते (hiṁsyate) - is injured, is killed, is destroyed, is vanquished

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by whom, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yat

yat - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds, realms, people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, division of the universe

Root: lok (class 1)

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tri

tri - three

Note: Modifies 'lokāḥ'

स-इन्द्राः (sa-indrāḥ) - with Indra, including Indra, accompanied by Indra

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saindra

saindra - along with Indra

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (sa+indra)

• sa – with, accompanied by (prefix)
  indeclinable
• indra – Indra (name of the king of gods)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'lokāḥ'

क्लिश्यन्ते (kliśyante) - they are tormented, they suffer

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (Laṭ) of √kliś

Root: kliś (class 4)

स-चराचराः (sa-carācarāḥ) - with moving and non-moving beings, including animate and inanimate

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sacarācara

sacarācara - including all moving and non-moving beings

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (sa+carācara)

• sa – with, accompanied by (prefix)
  indeclinable
• carācara – moving and non-moving (animate and inanimate)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'lokāḥ'

क्षीणे (kṣīṇe) - when depleted, when exhausted, when wasted

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṣīṇa

kṣīṇa - diminished, exhausted, wasted, decayed

Past Passive Participle

from √kṣi (to waste, destroy, perish)

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction: 'when life and dharma are depleted'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आयुषि (āyuṣi) - in life, in duration of life

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, vitality, duration of life

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction: 'when life is depleted'.

धर्मे (dharme) - in natural law, in righteousness, in constitution

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue

from √dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction: 'when dharma is depleted'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to Kāla (Time).

कालः (kālaḥ) - Time, death, destiny

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period; death, destiny, the god of death (Yama)

हिंस्यते (hiṁsyate) - is injured, is killed, is destroyed, is vanquished

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (Laṭ) of √hiṃs

Desiderative of √han (to strike, kill), forms a root 'hiṃs'

Root: hiṃs (class 10)

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)