वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-19, verse-20

तस्यैवं ब्रुवतो राजा मन्दासुर्वाक्यमब्रवीत् ।
किं शक्यमिह कर्तुं वै यत् कालो दुरतिक्रमः ॥२०॥

20. tasyaivaṃ bruvato rājā mandāsurvākyamabravīt ,
kiṃ śakyamiha kartuṃ vai yat kālo duratikramaḥ.

20. tasya evam bruvataḥ rājā manda-asuḥ vākyam abravīt
kim śakyam iha kartum vai yat kālaḥ duratikramaḥ

20. tasya evam bruvataḥ manda-asuḥ rājā vākyam abravīt.
kim vai śakyam iha kartum? yat kālaḥ duratikramaḥ.

20. As he spoke thus, the king, his life force waning, replied: 'What indeed can be done here, for time (kāla) is difficult to overcome?'

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - to him, his

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - of him speaking, speaking

• राजा (rājā) - the king

• मन्द-असुः (manda-asuḥ) - whose life force is waning, with faint breath

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• किम् (kim) - what?

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible to be done

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to make

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• यत् (yat) - for, because, since

• कालः (kālaḥ) - the unavoidable force of time (time)

• दुरतिक्रमः (duratikramaḥ) - difficult to overcome, insurmountable

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - to him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - of him speaking, speaking

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, saying (present participle from √brū)

Present Active Participle

Root: brū (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - the king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

मन्द-असुः (manda-asuḥ) - whose life force is waning, with faint breath

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mandāsu

mandāsu - one whose breath is weak, one whose life is failing

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (manda+asu)

• manda – slow, weak, faint, dim
  adjective (masculine)
• asu – breath, vital air, life, spirit
  noun (masculine)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect indicative (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible to be done

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, able to be done or performed

Gerundive

Derived from √śak (to be able)

Root: śak (class 5)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to make

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - for, because, since

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a conjunction here.

कालः (kālaḥ) - the unavoidable force of time (time)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, appropriate time, season, death (kāla)

दुरतिक्रमः (duratikramaḥ) - difficult to overcome, insurmountable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duratikrama

duratikrama - difficult to overcome, hard to pass, insurmountable

Derived from dur-ati-√kram (to go over, transgress, overcome)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+atikrama)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill (prefix)
  indeclinable
• atikrama – overstepping, transgression, passing over
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ati
  Root: kram (class 1)