वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-19, verse-17

स राजा पतितो भूमौ विह्वलाङ्गः प्रवेपितः ।
वज्रदग्ध इवारण्ये सालो निपतितो महान् ॥१७॥

17. sa rājā patito bhūmau vihvalāṅgaḥ pravepitaḥ ,
vajradagdha ivāraṇye sālo nipatito mahān.

17. saḥ rājā patitaḥ bhūmau vihvalāṅgaḥ pravepitaḥ
vajradagdhaḥ iva araṇye sālaḥ nipatitaḥ mahān

17. saḥ rājā bhūmau patitaḥ vihvalāṅgaḥ pravepitaḥ
araṇye vajradagdhaḥ mahān sālaḥ iva nipatitaḥ

17. That king, having fallen to the ground, with agitated and trembling limbs, lay like a great sal tree that has been burnt and felled by a thunderbolt in a forest.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• राजा (rājā) - the king

• पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen, descended

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• विह्वलाङ्गः (vihvalāṅgaḥ) - with agitated limbs, having disturbed body

• प्रवेपितः (pravepitaḥ) - trembling greatly, shaking violently

• वज्रदग्धः (vajradagdhaḥ) - burnt by a thunderbolt, struck by lightning

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• अरण्ये (araṇye) - in a forest

• सालः (sālaḥ) - a sal tree (Shorea robusta)

• निपतितः (nipatitaḥ) - fallen down

• महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राजा (rājā) - the king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen, descended

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended, degraded

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pat' (to fall), class 1.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

विह्वलाङ्गः (vihvalāṅgaḥ) - with agitated limbs, having disturbed body

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihvalāṅga

vihvalāṅga - having agitated or bewildered limbs/body

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vihvala+aṅga)

• vihvala – agitated, bewildered, disturbed
  adjective
• aṅga – limb, body, body part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

प्रवेपितः (pravepitaḥ) - trembling greatly, shaking violently

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravepita

pravepita - trembling, shaking, agitated

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vep' (to tremble) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vep (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

वज्रदग्धः (vajradagdhaḥ) - burnt by a thunderbolt, struck by lightning

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vajradagdha

vajradagdha - burnt or struck by a thunderbolt

Compound type : tatpurusha (vajra+dagdha)

• vajra – thunderbolt, diamond
  noun (masculine)
• dagdha – burnt, consumed by fire
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dah' (to burn), class 1.
  Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sālaḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

अरण्ये (araṇye) - in a forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness

सालः (sālaḥ) - a sal tree (Shorea robusta)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāla

sāla - sal tree (Shorea robusta)

निपतितः (nipatitaḥ) - fallen down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nipatita

nipatita - fallen down, descended

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pat' (to fall) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sālaḥ'.

महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable

Note: Agrees with 'sālaḥ'.