वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-19, verse-1

अथ जित्वा मरुत्तं स प्रययौ राक्षसाधिपः ।
नगराणि नरेन्द्राणां युद्धकाङ्क्षी दशाननः ॥१॥

1. atha jitvā maruttaṃ sa prayayau rākṣasādhipaḥ ,
nagarāṇi narendrāṇāṃ yuddhakāṅkṣī daśānanaḥ.

1. atha jitvā maruttam saḥ prayayau rākṣasādhipaḥ
| nagarāṇi narendrāṇām yuddhakāṅkṣī daśānanaḥ

1. atha saḥ rākṣasādhipaḥ daśānanaḥ,
maruttam jitvā,
yuddhakāṅkṣī,
narendrāṇām nagarāṇi prayayau

1. Then, having defeated Marutta, that lord of Rākṣasas, Daśānana, desirous of battle, proceeded towards the cities of kings.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, next, thereupon, now

• जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered, having won

• मरुत्तम् (maruttam) - Marutta (a king's name)

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• प्रययौ (prayayau) - he went, he proceeded

• राक्षसाधिपः (rākṣasādhipaḥ) - lord of Rākṣasas

• नगराणि (nagarāṇi) - cities, towns

• नरेन्द्राणाम् (narendrāṇām) - of kings, of rulers of men

• युद्धकाङ्क्षी (yuddhakāṅkṣī) - desiring battle, eager for war

• दशाननः (daśānanaḥ) - Daśānana (ten-faced, an epithet of Rāvaṇa)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, next, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered, having won

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Absolutive verb form.

मरुत्तम् (maruttam) - Marutta (a king's name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of marutta

marutta - Name of a famous king

Note: Object of 'jitvā'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to Daśānana.

प्रययौ (prayayau) - he went, he proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pra-yā

Perfect tense

Root 'yā' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

राक्षसाधिपः (rākṣasādhipaḥ) - lord of Rākṣasas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasādhipa

rākṣasādhipa - chief of Rākṣasas, lord of Rākṣasas

Compound of 'rākṣasa' and 'adhipa'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+adhipa)

• rākṣasa – Rākṣasa (a type of demon)
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi

Note: Nominative singular, referring to Daśānana.

नगराणि (nagarāṇi) - cities, towns

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Accusative plural, object of motion for 'prayayau'.

नरेन्द्राणाम् (narendrāṇām) - of kings, of rulers of men

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of narendra

narendra - king, ruler of men

Compound of 'nara' (man) and 'indra' (chief/lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, most excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Genitive plural, describing the owners of the cities.

युद्धकाङ्क्षी (yuddhakāṅkṣī) - desiring battle, eager for war

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuddhakāṅkṣin

yuddhakāṅkṣin - desirous of battle, eager for war

Compound of 'yuddha' (battle) and 'kāṅkṣin' (desiring).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuddha+kāṅkṣin)

• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  From root yudh (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• kāṅkṣin – desiring, wishing for, eager
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective from Desiderative stem
  Derived from desiderative of root kāṅkṣ (to desire).
  Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular, modifying Daśānana.

दशाननः (daśānanaḥ) - Daśānana (ten-faced, an epithet of Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśānana

daśānana - ten-faced (epithet of Rāvaṇa)

Compound of 'daśa' (ten) and 'ānana' (face).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (daśa+ānana)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• ānana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

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