वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-19, verse-16

ततो राक्षसराजेन क्रुद्धेन नृपतिस्तदा ।
तलेन भिहतो मूर्ध्नि स रथान्निपपात ह ॥१६॥

16. tato rākṣasarājena kruddhena nṛpatistadā ,
talena bhihato mūrdhni sa rathānnipapāta ha.

16. tataḥ rākṣasarājena kruddhena nṛpatiḥ tadā
talena abhihataḥ mūrdhni saḥ rathāt nipapāta ha

16. tataḥ kruddhena rākṣasarājena tadā nṛpatiḥ
mūrdhni talena abhihataḥ saḥ rathāt nipapāta ha

16. Then, the enraged king of the rākṣasas struck that king on the head with his palm, and he indeed fell from his chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• राक्षसराजेन (rākṣasarājena) - by the king of rākṣasas (demons)

• क्रुद्धेन (kruddhena) - by the enraged, by the angry one

• नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - the king, the lord of men

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• तलेन (talena) - by the palm (of the hand), by the surface

• अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, hit, assailed

• मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head, on the top/summit

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• निपपात (nipapāta) - he fell down

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (an emphatic particle)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

राक्षसराजेन (rākṣasarājena) - by the king of rākṣasas (demons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rākṣasarāja

rākṣasarāja - king of rākṣasas (demons)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rākṣasa+rājan)

• rākṣasa – demon, rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

क्रुद्धेन (kruddhena) - by the enraged, by the angry one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

From root 'krudh' (to be angry), class 4.

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasarājena'.

नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - the king, the lord of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

तलेन (talena) - by the palm (of the hand), by the surface

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tala

tala - palm of the hand, sole of the foot, surface, plane

अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, hit, assailed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhihata

abhihata - struck, hit, assailed, killed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, to kill) with prefix 'abhi'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'nṛpatiḥ'.

मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head, on the top/summit

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, top, summit

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

निपपात (nipapāta) - he fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of √pat

Perfect (Lit) form, 3rd person singular.

From root 'pat' (to fall), class 1, with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (an emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

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