वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-19, verse-12

सो ऽपश्यत नरेन्द्रस्तु नश्यमानं महद्बलम् ।
महार्णवं समासाद्य यथा पञ्चापगा जलम् ॥१२॥

12. so'paśyata narendrastu naśyamānaṃ mahadbalam ,
mahārṇavaṃ samāsādya yathā pañcāpagā jalam.

12. saḥ apaśyat narendraḥ tu naśyamānaṃ mahat balam
mahārṇavaṃ samāsādya yathā pañcāpagāḥ jalam

12. tu saḥ narendraḥ naśyamānaṃ mahat balam apaśyat,
yathā pañcāpagāḥ jalam mahārṇavaṃ samāsādya

12. But that king (narendra) saw the mighty army perishing, just as the waters of the five rivers merge into the great ocean.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that (masculine))

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - saw (saw, beheld)

• नरेन्द्रः (narendraḥ) - the king (king, lord of men)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• नश्यमानं (naśyamānaṁ) - perishing (perishing, being destroyed, disappearing)

• महत् (mahat) - mighty (great, mighty, large)

• बलम् (balam) - the army (army, force, strength)

• महार्णवं (mahārṇavaṁ) - the great ocean (great ocean)

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having reached (having reached, having entered, having obtained)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in the manner that)

• पञ्चापगाः (pañcāpagāḥ) - the five rivers

• जलम् (jalam) - their water (water)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'apaśyat'.

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - saw (saw, beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नरेन्द्रः (narendraḥ) - the king (king, lord of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narendra

narendra - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'saḥ'.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle.

नश्यमानं (naśyamānaṁ) - perishing (perishing, being destroyed, disappearing)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of naśyamāna

naśyamāna - perishing, being destroyed

present passive participle

Derived from root 'naś' in the passive voice.

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'balam'.

महत् (mahat) - mighty (great, mighty, large)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, mighty, large

Note: Modifies 'balam'.

बलम् (balam) - the army (army, force, strength)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

Note: Direct object of 'apaśyat', modified by 'naśyamānaṃ' and 'mahat'.

महार्णवं (mahārṇavaṁ) - the great ocean (great ocean)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahārṇava

mahārṇava - great ocean

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+arṇava)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• arṇava – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'samāsādya'.

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having reached (having reached, having entered, having obtained)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'sad' with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'pañcāpagāḥ'.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in the manner that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

पञ्चापगाः (pañcāpagāḥ) - the five rivers

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of pañcāpagā

pañcāpagā - the five rivers (often referring to specific rivers in a region)

Compound type : dvigu (pañcan+apaga)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• apaga – river, stream
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of the implied verb (e.g., merge/disappear).

जलम् (jalam) - their water (water)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water

Note: Direct object of 'samāsādya' or describing the substance of the rivers.