वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-43, verse-16

अन्योन्यं रजसा तेन कौशेयोद्धूतपाण्डुना ।
संवृतानि च भूतानि ददृशुर्न रणाजिरे ॥१६॥

16. anyonyaṃ rajasā tena kauśeyoddhūtapāṇḍunā ,
saṃvṛtāni ca bhūtāni dadṛśurna raṇājire.

16. anyaḥ anyam rajasā tena kauśeyoddhūtapāṇḍunā
saṃvṛtāni ca bhūtāni dadṛśuḥ na raṇājire

16. raṇājire tena kauśeyoddhūtapāṇḍunā rajasā
saṃvṛtāni bhūtāni ca anyonyam na dadṛśuḥ

16. On the battlefield, all beings (soldiers), covered by that pale dust stirred up from silken garments, could not see each other.

Words meanings summery:

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - one another (part of anyonyam) (other, different)

• अन्यम् (anyam) - one another (part of anyonyam) (other, different)

• रजसा (rajasā) - by the dust (obscuring vision) (by dust, by dirt, by pollen)

• तेन (tena) - by that (dust) (by that, with that)

• कौशेयोद्धूतपाण्डुना (kauśeyoddhūtapāṇḍunā) - by the pale dust stirred up from silken garments (by the pale/white (dust) stirred up from silken garments)

• संवृतानि (saṁvṛtāni) - covered (by the dust) (covered, concealed, enveloped)

• च (ca) - and, also

• भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings (referring to soldiers or combatants) (beings, creatures, living things, elements)

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they could see (they saw)

• न (na) - not, no

• रणाजिरे (raṇājire) - in the battlefield, on the battlefield

Words meanings and morphology

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - one another (part of anyonyam) (other, different)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, different, another

Note: Used as part of the reciprocal pronoun 'anyonyam'.

अन्यम् (anyam) - one another (part of anyonyam) (other, different)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, different, another

Note: Used as part of the reciprocal pronoun 'anyonyam'.

रजसा (rajasā) - by the dust (obscuring vision) (by dust, by dirt, by pollen)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, pollen, dirt; passion (one of the three guṇas)

तेन (tena) - by that (dust) (by that, with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'rajasā'.

कौशेयोद्धूतपाण्डुना (kauśeyoddhūtapāṇḍunā) - by the pale dust stirred up from silken garments (by the pale/white (dust) stirred up from silken garments)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kauśeyoddhūtapāṇḍu

kauśeyoddhūtapāṇḍu - pale/white (dust) stirred up from silken garments

Compound type : tatpurusha (kauśeya+uddhūta+pāṇḍu)

• kauśeya – silken, made of silk, silk garment
  noun (neuter)
• uddhūta – stirred up, shaken, raised
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhū 'to shake' with upasarga ud
  Prefix: ud
  Root: dhū (class 5)
• pāṇḍu – pale, yellowish-white, white
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'rajasā'.

संवृतानि (saṁvṛtāni) - covered (by the dust) (covered, concealed, enveloped)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of saṃvṛta

saṁvṛta - covered, concealed, enveloped

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛ 'to cover, choose' with upasarga sam

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'bhūtāni'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings (referring to soldiers or combatants) (beings, creatures, living things, elements)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

Derived from root bhū 'to be'

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to the combatants on the battlefield.

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they could see (they saw)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

रणाजिरे (raṇājire) - in the battlefield, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of raṇājira

raṇājira - battlefield, arena of combat

Compound type : tatpurusha (raṇa+ajira)

• raṇa – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)
• ajira – courtyard, open ground, arena
  noun (neuter)